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[ 17 ] OPC Foundation & Industrial Digital Twin Association.( 2024). Joint Forces for Digital Product Passport( DPP). https:// opcfoundation. org / news / press-releases / joint-forces-for-digital-product-passport-dpp /
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[ 19 ] CEN and CENELEC.( 2026). First European Standards for the Digital Product Passport published by CEN CLC JTC 24 under Standardisation Request M / 604: EN 18216:2026, EN 18219:2026, EN 18220:2026, EN 18221:2026, EN 18222:2026, EN 18223:2026. https:// standards. cencenelec. eu / dyn / www / f? p = 205:32:::::: FSP _ ORG _ ID: 3342699
[ 20 ] CEN and CENELEC.( 2026). CEN strengthens Digital Product Passport standardization through cooperation with the OPC Foundation. https:// www. cencenelec. eu / newsevents / news / 2026 / brief-news / 2026-02-24-opcf-liaison-agreement /
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[ 22 ] FIWARE Foundation.( 2025). FIWARE Data Space Connector( version 2): open source data space components for Gaia-X, IDSA and DOME compatible data spaces. https:// github. com / FIWARE / data-space-connector
[ 23 ] Gaia-X.( 2025). Gaia-X Trust Framework 3.0(“ Danube” Release): Compliance Document and Label Levels. https:// gaia-x. gitlab. io / policy-rules-committee / trust-framework /
[ 24 ] European Commission.( 2025). Simpl: smart open source middleware for cloud to edge federations and common European data spaces( Simpl Open, Simpl Labs). https:// digitalstrategy. ec. europa. eu / en / policies / simpl
[ 25 ] European Commission / ESPR.( 2024). ESPR Article 13: EU Digital Product Passport Registry( launch scheduled 19 July 2026). https:// eur-lex. europa. eu / eli / reg / 2024 / 1781 / oj
[ 26 ] European Commission.( 16 April 2025). ESPR Working Plan 2025 – 2030( COM( 2025) 187, adopted 16 April 2025). https:// eur-lex. europa. eu / legalcontent / EN / TXT /? uri = COM: 2025:187: FIN
[ 27 ] European Commission Joint Research Centre.( 19 March 2026). DPP Data Requirements Methodology for the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation( JRC145830). https:// publications. jrc. ec. europa. eu / repository / handle / JRC145830
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