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NEW in 2018–Excel Year 11 Science Study Guides
for the New Syllabus ! *Text 1*
Introducing NEW
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Biology
pte r
1
MODULE 1
CELLS AS THE BASIS
OF LIFE
C E LL R E
TU
STR U C
ANSWERS
Objective-response questions Key QUESTIONS
What can we say about the current in the wire in each
experiment?
A Th e current is towards the north in Y and X and
towards the south in Z.
B The current is towards the south in X and towards the
north in Y and Z.
C The current in Y is greater than the current in X.
D The current in X is greater than the current in Y.
(1 mark each)
Which of the following statements best explains why a
steel nail is attracted to a magnet?
Th e electrons in iron have a magnetic moment.
B Iron is a ferromagnetic material because it has
magnetic domains due to paired, opposite-spin
electrons.
C The magnetic domains in iron align to oppose an
applied magnetic fi eld.
D Th e magnetic domains in iron align with an applied
magnetic fi eld, making the iron magnetic.
A
• Some cells have outer projections that move (e�g� cilia
and flagella), while others can change shape�
• Some cells (e�g� root hair cells) have long thin
extensions�
What distinguishes one cell from
another?
Cells are the basis for all life. They and their products
make up all organisms and are the means by which
organisms survive, grow, repair and reproduce. The
obvious diversity of life on Earth can be partly attributed
to the diversity of cells and their differing structures and
functions.
YEAR 11 EXAM-TYPE QUESTIONS
1
:
I N Q U I R Y Q U E STI O N
structure: the parts, composition and arrangements
of cells
function: the way a thing works, or its role
cellular membrane: boundary layer around a cell that
controls the entry and exit of materials from the cell and
thereby protects the cell within its environment; called
the plasma, cytoplasmic or cell membrane
2
1 Different cellular structures
r
Y
r
r
Colpidium
Cellular structures, including prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
Figure 13.20 Two parallel current-carrying wires separated
by a distance 2r
Î Î
Cells are:
• the basic structural and functional units of life that
make up all organisms
• the product of pre-existing cells dividing
• separated from their environment by a cellular
membrane
• diverse, despite having some common structures�
Th e magnetic fi elds cancel out and hence the net fi eld
is zero.
The fields add and hence the fi eld between the wires
is 2B.
C Th e fi eld is more than 2B.
D Th e fi eld is greater than zero but less than 2B.
A
Vascular cells
B
Amoeba
Bone cell
3
Root hair cells
Î Î
Cells vary in size, shape, composition, function and
mobility� Unicellular organisms carry out all of the
processes needed to support life� Cells that are part of
a multicellular (many-celled, complex) organism may
carry out a specialised role and rely on other cells
working together to provide some of their needs and
remove their wastes�
Paramecium
In three separate experiments a compass was placed
above a north–south-directed wire and different
currents were passed through the wire. The direction
the compass pointed when current was passed through
the wire in each experiment is shown in Figure 13.21.
N
Nerve cell
1 homogeneous: glucose solution, methylated spirits, kerosene
heterogeneous: urban air, muddy water, granite rock
2 distillation (Water’s boiling point is much less than the boiling
points of salts in the ocean water.)
3 separating funnel (Cooking oil and water are immiscible.)
Key questions p. 7
5
%Fe =
5 m(C) =
6 m(magnesium oxide) = 29.674 – 28.540 = 1.134 g
–
92.26
× 20.0 = 18.45 g
100
m(H) =
7.74
× 20.0 = 1.55 g
100
8 Elements are pure substances that cannot be separated into
anything simpler using chemical separation techniques.
9 a
d
10 strontium: Group 2
tin: Group 14
nickel: Group 10
selenium: Group 16
Which of the following graphs in Figure 13.23 best
shows the magnetic field strength (B) as a function of
distance (r) from a long straight wire? 11 rubidium: Period 5
mercury: Period 6
12 Lanthanoid series: a subsection of the transition metals in Period 6
containing natural rare-earth metals
Actinoid series: a subsection of the transition metals in Period 7
containing n atural and synthetic radioactive metals
13
0
r
C B
0
D
6
r
7
sodium oxide b calcium carbonate c iron (II) sulfate
aluminium phosphate
separating funnel
cyclohexane solution
(orange)
ring clamp
water (colourless or
very pale yellow)
Figure A1.1 Separating funnel experiment
EM In the distillation of a homogeneous liquid mixture, the
separation depends on the boiling points and not the melting
points. Fractional distillation would lead to greater separation of
the components.
Decane will distil fi rst as it has the lowest boiling point. Th e
boiling points are quite far apart so the separation process will be
fairly complete.
gallium: Period 4
Group 1 are metals that are very soft solids and highly reactive.
Group 18 are gaseous non-metallic elements that are highly
unreactive.
Year 11 exam-type questions
Objective-response questions
B
EM Diagrams should be
drawn with a pencil and
ruler with labels for the
main components. Students
should use the density data
to show that the cyclohexane
floats on the water.
correct apparatus drawn;
correct labelling;
cyclohexane layer fl oats
on top of water
Key questions p. 9
B
2.35
100
C . Mass Cu = 17.35 – 15.00 = 2.35 g. %Cu =
×
= 47%.
5.00
1
A, B and D are incorrect as the mass of Cu is 2.35 g.
Extended-response questions
Key questions p. 8
Organic compounds are carbon based and produced by living
things. Inorganic compounds form the non-living components of
the world.
B
A . Metals are lustrous and ductile; non-metals have low melting
points and many are gaseous. B is incorrect as P is a lustrous metal.
C is incorrect as Q is ductile and therefore a metal. D is incorrect as
P is a lustrous metal.
%O = 100 – 60.32 = 39.68%
7
B
4
%O = 100 – 70.0 = 30.0%
Which of the following options best describes what will
happen when the switch is closed?
A Th e solenoid will produce a magnetic fi eld that will
repel the magnet.
B The solenoid will produce a magnetic fi eld within
the solenoid but the magnet will not be aff ected by
the fi eld.
C The solenoid will produce a magnetic fi eld that will
attract the magnet until it reaches the solenoid.
D Th e magnet will be drawn into the solenoid and
oscillate briefl y before coming to rest.
A
A . Cobalt is a transition metal and malleable whereas iodine is a
solid non-metal and therefore brittle. B is incorrect as iodine is a
poor heat conductor since it is a non-metal. C is incorrect as cobalt
is a metal and iodine is a non-metal. D is incorrect as cobalt and
iodine are moderately reactive.
5
3.50
100
×
= 70.0%
5.00
1
4
0.684
100
×
= 60.32%
%Mg =
1.134
1
Figure 13.22 Magnet placed near a solenoid
I
X
Muscle cell
A magnet is placed near a solenoid, as shown in
Figure 13.22.
3
Key questions p. 6
N
wire Q
I
Leaf cells
4
Two parallel wires P and Q are separated by a distance
2r and carry equal current in opposite directions, as
shown in Figure 13.20. The net magnetic field at a
distance r to the right of wire Q at position Y is B Tesla.
Which of the following statements best describes the
magnetic field midway between the wires at the point
marked X?
wire P
›› Students investigate different cellular structures, including
but not limited to examining a variety of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells and describing a range of technologies that
are used to determine a cell’s structure and function.
Chemistry
Cha
Physics
8 EM Diagram A shows forces pulling the metal into a thinner wire
whereas diagram B shows the metal being rolled into a thin sheet.
9 EM Students should remember that chalk is insoluble in water and
will form the residue when filtered. The mass of dried chalk can be
found by subtracting the mass of the filter paper from the total mass.
The percentage of chalk is determined as a percentage by determining
the ratio of the chalk mass to the total mass and then expressing
that fraction as a percentage. All calculation steps should be shown.
A = ductility B = malleability
a
b
chalk
mass of dry chalk residue = 14.630 – 0.550 = 14.08 g
14.08
% chalk =
× 100 = 23.47%
60.00
Free-to-downoad samples from this range are available at www.pascalpress.com.au/free-secondary-resources
Î Î
When you observe the basic diagrams of some different
cells in Figure 1�1 you might notice some of the
differences listed below�
• The nerve cell, consisting of dendrites, cell body and
axons, can be over one metre in length�
• The mature red blood cells do not have a nucleus�
• Muscle cells have many nuclei�
4
1
Euglena
blood
Figure 1.1 Diagrams of different Red
cells
(not cells
shown to scale)
Î Î
Cells may have different structural features, including:
• a nucleus
• ribosomes
• a cell wall
• membrane-enclosed organelles�
S
X
SYLLABUS
DOT POINTS
YEAR 11 BIOLOGY
Book 1.indb 4
0
13/10/17 7:50 am
Y
Z
r
0
2
Figure 12.23 Magnetic field strengths
Figure 13.21 Three experiments conducted with a compass
above a wire when diff erent currents flowed in the wire
EXAM-TYPE
QUESTIONS
*Text 3 below*
CHAPTER 13: MAGNETISM
Excel-Y11-Physics.indb 179
r
D . Th e components of these mixtures exist in only one phase. A is
incorrect as polluted air contains solid particles. B is incorrect as
sand is a heterogeneous mixture of silica, crushed shells, organic
matter and water. C is incorrect as muddy water is a suspension
and limestone is a heterogeneous mixture of calcium carbonate and
other solid impurities. 10 EM Students should realise that a greater mass of crystals will form
D . Th ese liquids are miscible and have diff erent boiling points. A is
incorrect as the mixture will pass through a fi lter since there are no
solids present. B is incorrect as these substances are non-magnetic.
C is incorrect as the liquids are not immiscible. 50 g of water remains aft er evaporation.
10 g of copper sulfate will dissolve in 50 g of water at 20 °C.
Th erefore 50 – 10 = 40 g of copper sulfate will crystallise.
% water = 100 – 23.5 = 76.53%
at 20 °C as only half the mass of water remains. Only 10 g of the
copper (II) sulfate will dissolve in 50 g of water. Ensure all calculation
steps are shown.
DETAILED
ANSWERS
CHAPTER 1: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
179
1/02/2018 2:52 pm
c
Excel-Y11-Chemistry.indb 13
12/10/2017 9:43 am
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TITLE
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Excel Year 11 Biology Study Guide
Excel Year 11 Biology Study Guide
Excel Year 11 Chemistry Study Guide
Excel
Year 11
11 Physics
Chemistry
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Excel Year
Study
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9781741256734
9781741256758
9781741256758
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