STANSW Science Education News Journal 2019 2019 SEN Vol 68 Issue 4 | Page 51

ARTICLES Solar Energy to battle the severe water shortage in regional NSW? (continued) ideas, especially those still refusing to acknowledge the reality of human-induced climate change despite the predictions shown in former US Vice-president Al Gore’s film “An Inconvenient Truth” in 2006 being clearly proven. water is currently a major challenge. Together with the Walgett Shire Council, Jenni and Elizabeth are enthusiastic about the possibility of using the artesian water available once it has been purified. In her article, Elizabeth explained the formation of the Great Artesian Basin, in particular its base that consists largely of siliceous material that allows water to move through it fairly easily. Water from the Basin used to be raised for feeding stock by windmills; nowadays most have been replaced by alternative pumps. Farmers are not permitted to use artesian water for irrigation, since the ultimate source of the artesian water is seawater with a high salt content, which damages the soil. A field of solar panels - ugly, but daily harvesting sunshine to generate electricity Nevertheless, there are further potential advantages available for those who do harvest the sunshine. I have only recently returned from Spain, and was excited to see that cars that use only electricity are becoming more and more frequent, and hook up to special outlets to recharge. Of course, there is a charge per “fill-up”, which currently is reasonable relative to diesel and gasoline, but is likely to decrease as more electric vehicles are purchased. [Right across Spain the main source of electricity is windmills rather than solar power.] Another field in drought. Will we have to sell up My belief is that the project that Jade and Macinley developed in 2017 might well be significant if it can be carried out on a large scale. Of course, it would be essential to use electric power to purify the water, but one of the most consistent ‘certainties’ of modern days in regional NSW is sunshine! Despite the scepticism of many country people, provoked largely for dubious political advantage, ‘harvesting the sunshine’ is very likely to be far more profitable in the long run than harvesting crops or animals that so desperately need consistent rainfall. Fields now bare due to the drought could become rich sources of electric power, both to pump water up from the artesian sources and purify it, even by simply boiling it to capture the steam and discarding the salt if no better way can be contemplated. Very recent news reports tell that plans are already afoot to sell Australian solar power. The idea is to capture solar energy on a large scale using a ‘solar farm’ in the Northern Territory and beam it some 4000 kilometres via an optical cable to Singapore! Furthermore, NSW’s Deputy Premier, John Barilaro, appears to have ‘seen the light’, and very recently announced a plan to harvest solar power using both windfarms and banks of solar panels in an area north-east of Dubbo, so changes are happening! Possibly more exciting is the potential use of hydrogen as a fuel for modern vehicles – including for aeroplanes! Hydrogen fuel that launches rockets into space is very capable of powering all types of vehicle, and the only significant emissions from the vehicles would be water vapour! Dr. Jenni Brammall, another palaeontologist living in Lightning Ridge, has begun construction of an exciting project to store both the many opalised fossils she has received from numerous opal miners over the past twenty years, and also the opals she sells. They require protection from both the extreme summer temperatures and the dry atmosphere, so the building is intended to be 100% energy-efficient. She and Elizabeth have managed to raise $20M of the anticipated $34M needed to complete the project. Naturally, it is to be powered with solar panels, but clean So, how would the hydrogen be produced? In simple terms, by using electricity to decompose water. This water would need to be salty to allow the electric current to flow easily, so there is the capacity for seawater to be used, or even artesian water. 51 SCIENCE EDUCATIONAL NEWS VOL 68 NO 4