The Intelligence Behind Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer program or a machine to
think and learn. It is also a field of study which tries to make computers
"smart". John McCarthy came up with the name "artificial intelligence" in 1955.In
general use, the term "artificial intelligence" means a machine which mimics
human cognition. At least some of the things we associate with other minds, such
as learning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the same
way as we do.
Computers are great at some things but not others. So it’s no surprise building
computers that are intelligent is complicated. Scientists and programmers are busy
trying to make computers have artificial intelligence, the ability to gain and apply
knowledge and skills. To teach computers how to be intelligent, researchers train
them to play and beat old video games. Games provide a limited universe with a set
of rules. Computers play the games and use trial and error to figure out different
ways to win, the same way we do when playing these games. They use memory to
build on successes and learn from mistakes.
At present we use the term AI for successfully understanding human speech,
competing at a high level in strategic game systems (such as Chess and Go), self-
driving cars, and interpreting complex data. Some people also consider AI a danger
to humanity if it progresses unabatedly. An extreme goal of AI research is to
create computer programs that can learn, solve problems, and think logically. In
practice, however, most applications have picked on problems which computers can
do well. Searching data bases and doing calculations are things computers do
better than people. On the other hand, "perceiving its environment" in any real
sense is way beyond present-day computing.
As with any new technology, whether or not artificial intelligence software will be
good or bad for humanity is an open question. Definitely AI software will put people
out of jobs. And it is equally certain AI will create jobs, for example, programming
and fixing robots. Perhaps the more interesting question is how humans will set
limits for intelligent computers and how those limits will be enforced.
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