National Space Policy : International Comparison of Policy and the ‘ Gray Zone ’
Although India may have restored the balanced , it has failed to make significant progress in developing an effective space strategy . The Indian Space Research Organization ( ISRO ) has been the sole guardian of India ’ s space program since the 1960s and is primarily focused on socioeconomic development ( LeLe , 2019 ). As a space-faring nation , India must establish a space strategy to identify strategic objectives rather than relying on strategic capabilities . India ’ s absence of a space strategy showcases India ’ s lack of influence around the region . This shortage of influence exposes India to increased potential Gray Zone activity . Establishing a national space strategy could give India the strategic structure it needs to reduce the risk of increased Gray Zone activity .
Evidence suggests U . S . strategic thinking has showcased their space dominance through a structured framework that ensures political , strategic , and operational success . Conversely , China has incorporated a “ one power fits all approach ” by integrating the BRI into the China Space Dream . However , India has found a unique way to balance its national interests while strategically deterring China ’ s influence on India ’ s economic situation . Each nation must seek to critically examine space strategy to tackle Gray Zone challenges .
Finally , the analysis of strategy implementation showcases the importance of ensuring space dominance while promoting capitalism for the United States . However , there is no clear “ red line ” addressed in the NSSS leaving the U . S . to manage Gray Zone escalation in a space conflict quickly . In the same respect , China ’ s ability to promote the Space Dream while embracing the Chinese Communist Party highlights China ’ s goal of being the sole power in the region . Nonetheless , the lack of strategic consideration of Gray Zone activity could turn China ’ s Dream into a nightmare . On the other hand , India strategically harnesses their ideology of enhancing socioeconomics by advancing their space capability . India ’ s ability to conduct and successfully test their ASAT capability shocked not only the U . S . but heightened China ’ s awareness to India ’ s tolerance of the “ Chinese Bully .” Yet India is going to have to develop a space strategy capable of outlining Gray Zone deterrence mechanisms to prevent persistent gray activity from nations , such as China .
V . Policy Cooperation
Cooperation between nations is based on the concept of trust . As nations continue to strategically compete with potential adversaries , they must seek allies . Cooperation , in space , began in the late 1960s when the international community recognized the potential for militarization in space . In 1967 , the U . S . signed the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space , Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies , known as the Outer Space Treaty ( OST ) ( Department of State , 2017 ). The concept behind the treaty was to ensure the use of space contributed to the prosperity of mankind .
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