Synchronization of all DDR policies, plans, programs, and messaging is critical
from the outset. For DDR to be successful, it needs to be first coordinated at the
highest possible level – involving the warring factions (as feasible), the Special
Representative to the Secretary General (SRSG), political leadership, UN
agencies, government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, social welfare
services, and – perhaps most importantly – donors. Without proper funding from
the UN and other international donors, implementation of DDR may not be
possible.
The involvement of other UN resources – armed troop contingents, military
observers, and UN civilian police – is also crucial, especially for the provision of
security at demobilization centers/assembly areas. Communication sources/
resources and the synchronization of DDR messages – through the HN
government, the cooperation of media, advocacy groups including churches,
and civil society groups – cannot be over emphasized. Once elements of warring
factions have indicated some interest / presented a window of opportunity,
reinforcement of the messages and assurances of trust become even more
important.
The most critical challenge to DDR is winning the hearts and minds of
combatants to volunteer for the program, and this is only achieved through
building trust and establishing appropriate facilities and services. Without
thorough logistic support, DDR implementation may prove difficult. Provision
of favorable living conditions and recreational facilities at assembly areas can be
a catalyst for DDR success. However experience has shown that former
combatants do not want to stay at assembly areas for an extended timeframe.
Reintegrating them back into communities as early as possible is preferable,
whereas keeping them longer than necessary creates additional logistics and
security requirements. Also, without the provision of services in the form of life
skills/employment training, social support structures, professional counseling,
truth and reconciliation measures, and resettlement assistance, the chances of
successful reintegration have been limited.
Again, DDR does not come about without extensive stakeholder involvement. It
requires careful planning, sufficient resourcing, and continuous monitoring and
assessment. Indicators for success need to be closely monitored and the
window of opportunity exploited once it presents itself.
Recommendation.
1. Coordinate DDR concepts/efforts at the highest possible level. Involve the
warring factions (if feasible), the Special Representative to the Secretary General
(SRSG), host nation political leadership, government agencies, UN agencies,
non-governmental organizations (as