2. Build common ground between military and civilian officials, and ensure that
defense policy and defense strategy are developed accordingly.
3. Utilize the Ministry of Defense to lock in civilian authority (over the military),
while effectively representing and facilitating military interests within the
interagency.
Implications.
Without security sector development that effectively balances civilian and military
interests, divisive positions between civilian and military officials may become
hardened over time and produce constant friction on security (and other) issues.
Event Description.
This lesson is based on the article "Best Practices Crossing the Pacific: Security
Sector Development from the Andes to Asia," by Justin Nankivell, PhD, 28 April
2014.
g. TOPIC. Integrating SSR Provisions in Peace Agreements ( 531 )
Observation.
Security Sector Reform (SSR) provisions are important items in peace
agreements. There are many risks associated with failing to address and
integrate SSR issues into peace negotiations and agreements.
Discussion.
The report “Security Sector Reform Provisions in Peace Agreements” is the
result of a research project which examined peace agreements from eight
countries in Africa (Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Sudan, Burundi,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone, and Liberia), two from Central
America (El Salvador and Guatemala), and one from Asia (East Timor). The
report demonstrates that there is a potentially high price to be paid for failing to
integrate SSR issues into peace negotiations and agreements at the very outset,
or for doing so in a selective and shallow manner.
The risks associated with failing to incorporate SSR provisions include:
subsequent reforms will lack buy-in
failure to anticipate activities of spoilers
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