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actively provide the necessary learning guidance , hints , supportive tools or learning suggestions to them in the right place , at the right time and in the right form . Basically , a smart learning system can be perceived as a technology-enhanced learning system that is capable of advising learners to learn in the real-world with access to the digital world resources . Various potential criteria have been identified in the literature for smart learning environments :
A smart learning environment is context-aware ; that is , the learner ’ s situation or the contexts of the real-world environment in which the learner is located are sensed , implying that the system is able to provide learning support based on the learner ’ s online and real-world status .
A smart learning environment is able to offer instant and adaptive support to learners by immediate analyses of the needs of individual learners from different perspectives ( e . g ., learning performance , learning behaviors , profiles , personal factors ) as well as the online and realworld contexts in which they are situated . Moreover , it can actively provide various personalized support to the learners , including learning guidance , feedback , hints and learning tools , based on their needs .
A smart learning environment is able to adapt the user interface ( i . e ., the ways of presenting information ) and the subject contents to meet the personal factors ( e . g ., learning styles and preferences ) and learning status ( e . g ., learning performance ) of individual learners . The user interface is not necessarily a conventional computer . Instead , learners can interact with the learning environment via mobile devices ( e . g ., smartphones or tablet computers ), wearable devices ( e . g ., Google Glass or a digital wristwatch ), or even ubiquitous computing systems embedded in everyday objects . Therefore , it is a challenging issue to adapt the user interface to meet the learners ’ needs in a smart learning environment .
Learning resources , learning tools , learning communities , teaching communities , ways to learn and to teach are the six aspects that smart differs from traditional learning environment . Smart learning comprises not only what is called formal or traditional learning ( learning that takes place within a school curriculum ), but also and most importantly , informal learning which is all other forms of learning from informal channels ( social media , Internet , MOOCs , game-based learning , etc ).
The ever increasing penetration of personal devices , such as smart phones and tablets in people ’ s lives have started to produce relevant changes in all aspects of learning : spaces , contents , processes , monitoring methods and skills .
The study of smart learning is constantly in expansion . For example , researchers are investigating how smart learning can translate into “ Smart Cities ” and “ Smart Learning Cities ” where citizens are hyperconnected through mobile communication technologies , creative and entrepreneurs . They want to see how such cities would help improve life quality and reduce costs .
Researchers are striving to merge pedagogy and technology in order to create what is called “ smart learning ”.
Pedagogy : learning paradigms , assessment paradigms , social factors , policy
Technology : emerging technologies , innovative uses of mature technologies , adoption , usability , standards , and emerging / new technological paradigms ( open educational resources , cloud computing , etc .)
Fusion of pedagogy and technology : transformation of curriculum , transformation of teaching behavior , transformation of administration , best practices of infusion , piloting of new ideas
Computer science educators are increasingly using interactive learning content to enrich and enhance the pedagogy of their courses . A plethora of such learning content , specifically designed for computer science education , such as visualization , simulation , and web-based environments for learning programming , are now available for various courses . Such content is called smart learning content . Ref : IASLE .
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