Pg.no. 34
11. Classification of Fungi & Kingdom of Plantae
Classification of Fungi
Zycomycota
(Bread mould)
Basidiomycota
(Agaricus)
Ascomycota
(Toad Stool)
Deuteromycota
(Penicillium)
Figure 11.1 (Fungi)
Features of fungi:
Fungi do not have chlorophyll and cannot prepare their food.
They may be unicellular (e.g. yeast) or multicelllular (Rhizopus, Agaricus and
Aspergillus)
They are non-green organisms as they lake chlorophyll.
Their body is made up of hyphae called mycelium and is covered by cell wall made
up of chitin.
It reproduces by sexual or asexual reproduction.
Based on nutrition, fungi are classified into three types.
Parasites – Fungi living on other living organisms (e.g., Puccinia)
Saprophytes - Fungi living on dead and decaying matter. (e.g., Agricus,
Rhizopus)
Symbionts – Fungi living associated with algae (lichens) or on the roots of
higher plants (mycorrhizae). Fungus affected onion and Tomato’s.
Antibiotics:
It is a chemical substance extracted from one living organism to kill or stop the growth of the
other living organisms. Such antibiotic, like Penicillin is extracted from fungi, Penicillin and
other common antibiotics are streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamycin and
Erythromycin.
Vitamins: