robotic
articles
18
New hand in medicine
Without a shadow of doubt, medical robotics are technological breakthrough during the 21th century. Firstly, robots were only a name of a character in movies and plays; however , researchers and scientists have exert an utmost effort to develop robotic system in many fields such military , and above all the medical field. Medical Robotic is involved mainly in micro-surgeries; surgeons find that medical robotic have made surgeries safer and accurate. Not only does medical robotics facilitate surgeries, but also robotic rehabilitation is widely spread those days.
Today, robotics has turned microscopic surgeries into much protection and precised one. Many hospitals have provided robotics that assist surgeons during operations; it resulted in the omission of tremendous number of surgeons and nurses. The robotic equipments are uncomplicated to deal with, however, they are connected through a computerized device called Hermes and it is activated by the voice command of the surgeon. that resemble the true medical equipments using remote controllers, while the tips of the arms will perform the microscopic surgery precisely(klustgarten). Medical non-laparoscopic robotics was firstly discovered in 1985, called Puma560. It was initially practiced by KWoh et al in neurosurgical biopsies. Then, in 1988 Davies et al have used Puma in transurethral resection; it was designed in PROBOT (special robotic system for transurethral resection).The following medical robot was REBODOC, which was found out by Integrated Surgical Supplies of Sacramento for taking off thighbones during hip replacement surgeries. Many developments and innovations were being launched by the Computer Motion Inc., the first accredited robot by the FDA (food and drugs administration) was AESOP, a robot that is involved in endoscopic surgeries and it is managed by the Voice-command. Hermes Control Centre was the second modified version of AESOP created by the computer motion Inc. More and more, another system was established by the computer motion inc. in 2001 called SOCRATES™ Robotic Tele-collaboration System, that was involved in the performance of the first transatlantic surgery with the use of technological communications .In addition to the tele-communication devices, the Intuitive Surgery, Inc. has developed a 3-D Davinci surgical system that is highly used in US in cardiac clinical trial for endoscopic coronary artery bypass graft surgery(biomed.brown.edu).Mayo clinic is one of the credible and high in quality academic medical center. More than 10 surgeries are operated using assisted-robots , that ensures safety and perfection(MayoClinic.org).
In addition to the use of robots in surgeries, robots are used in rehabilitation. Robotics has make life activities much easier for those who cannot perform them due to injuries or born with defect. Many people are deprived from living their life normally; accordingly the rehabilitation department has developed robotic systems to solve the problem. Robotic rehabilitation is divided to three categories manipulation, mobility or cognition. Manipulation has two parts the fixed-platform, which is responsible for assisting handicapped person in doing normal activities at home, portable-platform ,such as electronic arms that are attached to wheelchair to bring objects to its users and mobile autonomous ,which are controlled using voice command. Besides, mobility assistances such as wheel chairs and motorized walkers that assists handicapped and disabled people to move with stability. Finally, the cognitive assistance serves those who have problems in communication, such as autism (Van Der loos,et al).
Medical Robotics is now considered a life savior in medicine. Many surgeons mostly rely on electronic arms and robotic machines in precised operations. Besides, medical robotics have changed many disabled people tolerate life struggles and conflicts and live their life fully comfortable and satisfied. More and more, many researchers and scientists are trying to develop more technological innovations to ensure a health and better life for everyone. Medical Robots are going to be necessary elements for surgeons in the coming years.
device called Hermes and it is activated by the voice command of the surgeon. A camera is injected inside the human body which is held by electronic arm tightly to capture the body to be displayed on a computer screen, according to Robert Ahmed , a general surgeon , he confirmed that “Robotics hold it much steadier than any human could.” Besides, if the surgeon wants the access of
more than one electronic arm during an operation, he has to sit in front of a monitor with a very high resolution. The surgeon will control the electronic arms that resemble the true medical equipments using remote controllers, while the tips of the arms will perform the microscopic surgery precisely(klustgarten).