Science 101 Dec 2013 | Page 21

" It all started when Mr. Wilson was working on the research for the Chronic Disease Research Institute at the University of Buffalo. He was producing a circuit that aimed to record the rhythmic heartbeats. During the process of actually putting the circuit together Mr. Wilson made a mistake he pulled out a wrong resistor… as a result, the circuit began emitting alternating electrical impulses. These electrical impulses were immediately associated with the resemblance of the pattern to the regular human heartbeat. After Wilson discovered these similarities he began thinking of the wonders this pacemaker can achieve in aiding those people who suffer from cardiac malfunction. He began developing the pacemaker further attempting to transform it in to a small device that will also be undamaged by body fluids. " To make his dream a reality Mr. Wilson combined forces with two physicians at the Veteran Administration Hospital, Dr. Andrew Gage and Dr. William Chardack. While developing the device they renamed it the Chardack-Greatbatch pacemaker. After years of modifications and testing they were able to successfully control the heartbeat of a dog by the year 1958. After experimentation and testing proceeded they were able to effectively implant the pacemaker in 10 (willing) people, suffering from cardiac malfunctions, in the 1960s. After the pacemaker proved effective Mr. Wilson decided to license his product with a company lo- cated in Minneapolis in 1961 a company called Medtronic.Inc. Medtronic had already created an out-of-body (external) pacemaker. After adding the technology produced by Mr. Wilson and his team the pacemaker slowly made it to the top and became the world leader for artificial cardiac stimulation. " After the product reached the market some inefficiencies started to rise. That was with the short life of its zinc-mercury batteries. Mr. Wilson had to return to his boards to create a longer and safer battery. In 1968 he was able to manufacture a lithium-iodide battery and by the year 1972 he was able to change possibly explosive circuit into a safe and long-lasting battery that could hold strong for at least a decade. Finally, the invention received high accreditations in medical implants and research. " Thanks to Mr. Wilson those who face cardiac malfunctions use the pacemaker to remove symptoms of bradycardia. Even though the pacemaker is not an overall cure to stop heart disease nor can it prevent heart attacks it is still a good solution to help those who suffer cardiac malfunctions. It helps them attain more energy and no suffer from shortness of breath. 20