Saint Olave's Law Society Journal ; Issue 01 (Autumn 2013) | Seite 18

Saint
 Olave’s
 Law
 Society
 Journal

COPYRIGHT
 AND
 PLAGIARISM

CAMILA
 ARIAS

The
  Copyright,
  Designs
  and
  Patents
  Act
  was
  introduced
  in
  1988
  to
  protect
  the
  rights
  of
  artists
  and
  prevent
  abuses
  of
  their
  works,
  whether
  visual,
  music,
  dramatic,
  literary,
  film,
  video,
  TV
  or
  sound
  broadcasts.
  In
  1992,
  the
  rules
  were
  extended
  to
  cover
  computer
  programmes.

  Copyright
  infringement
  is
  abusing
  the
  rights
  protected
  by
  copyright.
  These
  rights
  include
  the
  right
  to
  reproduce,
  distribute,
  display,
  perform
  or
  make
  derivative
  works
  of
  the
  copyrighted
  work.
  For
  somebody
  to
  do
  these
  things
  without
  obtaining
  permission
  of
  the
  copyright
 holder
 is
 violating
 copyright.

  Copyright
  Copyright
  is
  an
  automatic
  right
  under
  UK
  law,
  which
  can
  be
  claimed
  on
  any
  creative
  work
  that
  is
  sufficiently
  original.
  However,
  the
  way
  in
  which
  an
  idea
 is
 expressed
 and
 not
 the
 idea
 itself
  is
  protected
  by
  copyright;
  so
  the
  idea
  behind
  a
  book
  is
  not
  protected
  by
  copyright,
  but
  the
  content
  of
  the
  book
  itself
  is.
  Thus,
  it
  is
  legal
  for
  people
  to
  produce
  works
  around
  other
  works
  as
  long
 as
 they
 do
 not
 simply
 copy
 or
 adapt
  it.

  Is
  copying
  infringement?
  always
  copyright
  3. The
  amount
  and
  significance
  of
  the
  portion
  used
  in
  relation
  to
  the
 whole
 of
 copyrighted
 work
  4. The
 possible
 impact
 of
 the
 use
 on
  the
  market
  or
  value
  of
  the
  copyrighted
 work.
  This
 means
 that
 copying
 is
 not
 always
 a
  violation
 of
 copyright.
  Duration
 of
 copyright
 protection
  Generally,
  the
  duration
  of
  copyright
  protection
 in
 the
 UK
 is
 as
 follows:
  • Literary,
 dramatic,
 musical
 or
  artistic
 work
 -­?
 the
 life
 of
 the
  author
 and
 70
 years
 from
 the
 end
  of
 the
 year
 in
 which
 he/she
 died.
  Film
 -­?
 70
 years
 from
 the
 end
 of
  the
 year
 when
 the
 last
 of
 the
  principal
 director,
 the
 authors
 of
  the
 screenplay
 and
 dialogue,
 or
  the
 composer
 of
 any
 music
  specially
 created
 for
 the
 film
 dies.
  Sound
 recording
 -­?
 50
 years
 from
  the
 end
 of
 the
 year
 when
 the
 last
  remaining
 author
 of
 the
 work
  dies
 or
 the
 work
 is
 made
  available
 to
 the
 public
 by
  authorised
 release,
 performance,
  broadcast
 etc.
  Broadcast
 -­?
 50
 years
 from
 the
  end
 of
 the
 year
 of
 making
 of
 the
  broadcast.
  Published
 editions
 –
 25
 years
  from
 the
 end
 of
 the
 year
 of
  publication.

•

•

•

•

Section
  107
  of
  the
  Copyright
  Act
  says
  that
 the
 “fair
 use
 of
 a
 copyrighted
 work
  …
  is
  not
  an
  infringement
  of
  copyright.”
  To
 determine
 whether
 or
 not
 use
 is
 fair
  the
 following
 factors
 are
 considered:
  1. The
  purpose
  and
  character
  of
  the
  use
  (commercial,
  non-­?profit,
  educational
 purposes
 etc.)
  2. The
  nature
  of
  the
  copyrighted
  work

Famous
 Copyright
 Infringement
  Cases;

  The
 Associated
 Press
 vs.
 Fairey
  The
 street
 artist
 Shephard
 Fairey
  created
 the
 iconic
 Hope
 poster
 during
  President
 Obama’s
 first
 presidential
  campaign
 in
 2008.
 It
 quickly
 became
 an
  unofficial
 but
 approved
 symbol
 of
 the
  campaign.
 In
 January
 2009,
 the
  Associated
 Press
 claimed
 that
 the
 poster

  Issue
 01

 Autumn
 2013

 18