RocketSTEM Issue #12 - July 2015 | Page 5

New Horizons Pluto garners the spotlight By Amy Thompson Nine years ago, in 2006, NASA launched the New Horizons spacecraft to the outer reaches of the Solar System in order to study the Pluto system. New Horizons is the fastest spacecraft ever launched, and has traveled more than three billion miles to reach its primary target: Pluto. The flyby of the Pluto system on July 14 will complete our initial exploration of the Solar System while opening the door to an entirely new realm of mysterious small planets and planetary building blocks in the Kuiper Belt. Reaching the Kuiper Belt, or the “third” zone of our Solar System — a region beyond the inner, rocky planets and outer gas giants — has been a priority for years, as it holds building blocks of our Solar System that have been stored in a deep freeze for billions of years. Pluto, the largest known body in the Kuiper Belt, offers an extensive nitrogen atmosphere, complex seasons, strangely distinct surface markings, an ice-rock interior that may harbor an ocean, five moons. And that’s just what we know. The flyby will also cap a 03 www.RocketSTEM .org 03