ART
THE MOST STRIKING FEATURES OF THESE PUPPETS WERE THEIR
HUMANLIKE MOVEMENTS AND THEIR ABILITY TO MAKE PEOPLE LAUGH
THANKS TO THEIR OVERLY EMPHASIZED GESTURES AND SALUTES.
Puppets are seen during 17th century Europe as a stereotyped
character that relays the real thoughts of the public. It was called
“Punch” in England, “Petrushka” in Russia, “Horswurst” in Germany
and “Polichinelle” in France. In Italy, wired puppets were given the
name of “Fantoccini.” The most striking features of these puppets
were their humanlike movements and their ability to make people
laugh thanks to their overly emphasized gestures and salutes. The
same puppets were referred to as “Marionette” in France.
In modern times, puppets entered our homes with the help
of television programs. No doubt, its most famous and successful
example was the American puppeteer Jim Henson’s “muppets”
designed for the television series Sesame Street. Thanks to this rich
history, the art of puppetry found its way into modern times after
being part of everyday life throughout many centuries, all without
sacrificing its allure.
98
Kukla, 17. yüzyıl Avrupa’sında halkın gerçek düşüncelerini yansıtan kalıplaşmış bir tip olarak sahneye çıkar. İngiltere’de ‘Punch’,
Rusya’da ‘Petruşka’, Almanya’da ‘Horswurst’, Fransa’da ‘Polichinelle’
adıyla anılmaya başlanır. İtalya’da da “Fantoccini” adında ipli kuklalar yapılır; bu kuklaların en ilgi çekici özelliği ise insan gibi hareket
etmeleri, abartılı mimikleri ve selamlama şekilleriyle halkı güldürmeleridir. Aynı kuklalara Fransızlar “Marionette” derler.
Modern zamanlarda ise kuklalar, artık televizyon programlarıyla
evlere girer. Şüphesiz en çok bilineni ve başarılı örneği Amerikalı kuklacı Jim Henson'un “Susam Sokağı” (Sesame Street) adlı televizyon
dizisi için tasarladığı "muppet"lerdir. Böylelikle binlerce yıldır hayatın
bir parçası olmaya devam eden kukla sanatı, cazibesinden ödün vermeden modern