Revista simpozionului Eficiență și calitate în educație - 19 mai 2017 Eficiență și calitate în educație | Page 137

In the phonology of Mandarin Chinese, the articulations of b and p are made by the upper and lower lips, they are at the foremost location in the Chinese phonology; the difference between b and p is: p is an aspirated sound, pronounced with a strong release of breath while b is an unaspirated one.

D and t in Chinese phonology, they are articulated by the coordination of the tongue tip and the upper gums; the difference between d and t is: d is an unaspirated while t is aspirated; a strong release of breath is made when t is articulated.

In the phonology of Romanian language, both b and p are bilabial plosives. When we pronounce b and p, the upper and the lower lips closed, the air from the mouth breaks the blockage, resulting in the articulation. When we pronounce b, the vocal chords are used, while in p the vocal chords are not used( voiceless).

D and t in Romanian are the Apico-alveolar, the sound is made when the flow of air out of the mouth is interrupted by touching the tongue to the alveolar ridge— the part of the roof of the mouth, just behind the upper front of the teeth. D is pronounced with the vocal chords while t without the vocal chords.

As a Chinese teacher who has experience of seven years of teaching Romanian students, I have found out that, during the learning Chinese phonetic process, a lot of students would pronounce both b and p into a kind of b, like pángbiān into bángbiān, păobù into băobù; when dealing with d and t, they may both pronounce them as d, such as tāmen into dāmen, tóunăo into dóunăo. Obliviously the mistakes were made because of the phonological transfer from the native language. The native language influence is a very important factor when students are learning a new language, especially the phonetic. If the teachers can be aware of the differences between the native language and the target language, give the students useful guide in time, a lot of errors could be avoided during the students’ learning process.

2.2 Syntactic Transfer

Romanian and Chinese belong to two different language families; Romanian belongs to the Indo-European language family while Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. We can always find the common places between two different languages, but each language also has its characteristics, such as in the Syntactic aspect, Chinese and Romanian have very big differences. In the following we will analyze several syntactic transfer phenomena, basically due to the negative transfer from the native language. From the researches and experience of the last 7 years, we have concluded that, for the Romanian students who have learned around 150 hours of Chinese( beginners’ level), according the learning process, the most errors made in the syntactic ways are like followings.

( 1) Sentences with Adjectival Predicates

In Chinese, the Subject-Predicate sentences are quite complex, not like in Romanian, usually the predicates are verbs. In Chinese, there are four types of Subject-Predicate sentences, which are: Sentences with Verbal Predicates, Sentences with Adjectival Predicates, Sentences with Nominal Predicates and Sentences with a Subject-predicate Phrase as the Predicate.

For the Romanian beginners, because they are not familiar with the structure with adjectival predicates, and in Romanian, the predicates are usually verbs, if they don’ t pay attention and be attentive; mistakes are always made like this: