RACA Journal June 2019 | Page 55

Getting Technical well enough, provided they use the same supply water from which the ice was originally made. Ice rinks on which league level ice hockey is played regularly do a regular additional ice surface maintenance operation which takes between 12 and 16 hours weekly. This is known as “tempering”, a meticulous process by which trapped air and impurities are released from the ice sheet by warming it to just below 0°C, shaving and washing the softened ice with a resurfacing machine (often repeatedly), then reducing the surface temperature back to a hockey-friendly -6°C degrees at a methodical rate of not more than 1°C per hour. A further benefit from this fusion process is a more highly bonded ice surface with increased resistance to further air bubbles and fissures caused by skate pressure that leave the ice sheet with a cloudy appearance, often obscuring game lines. However, there is a risk that if in the course of such maintenance, an operator allows the rink temperature to creep too close to the melting point, the ice sheet’s bond with the concrete slab can be compromised, along with the integrity of rink markings. “It’s not an easy process,” comments one of the Canadian ice arena operators. “This thing can go sideways on you in a heartbeat if you lose your attention span.” One of the most common contaminants in water inhibiting the formation of quality ice is trapped air bubbles. Making and maintaining ice sheets has always been the most labour-intensive part of operating an ice rink, so much so that in the 1940s an ice rink owner who was also a very practical mechanical and electrical engineer designed and constructed the first ice maintenance vehicle. His name was Zamboni, which is still used on a range of commercial ice surface maintenance machines today. Other makes are now also available and can be tailored for specific surface treatments for different ice qualities and purposes. As mentioned earlier, an enclosed space such as an ice rink requires air conditioning for comfort purposes as well as humidity control to minimise heat transfer at ice surface/air interfaces. These requirements will be examined in conjunction with the range of water types needed for reliable operation within design limits in the forthcoming issue of ‘Getting Technical’. RACA www.hvacronline.co.za RACA Journal I June 2019 53