Publications from ODSW Social Insights: Letters by DSW (Vol 2) | Page 22

Fundamentals of Social Work
Rational choice theory is based on the idea that all action is fundamentally
rational in character, and people calculate the risks and benefits of any
action before making decisions.

Social Work Practice Models 6
There are various practice models that influence the way social workers help
people meet their goals. A practice model shows how to use a theory to
create change. It draws on a theory which helps to explain why something
happens and it is important that practice is grounded on theories and
evidence based ones. Theories are also being refined and updated by
research and discoveries so it is necessary to stay current while not chasing
new theories without critical thinking.
Here are some of the major social work practice models used in various roles,
such as caseworker, medical social worker, group worker and community
worker.
Problem solving helps people with the problem solving process. Rather
than to tell clients what to do, social workers teach clients how to apply a
problem solving method so they can develop their own solutions. A good
book on this approach is “Counselling: A Problem-Solving Approach” by
Anthony Yeo 7.
Task-centred practice is a short-term treatment where clients establish
specific, measurable goals. Social workers and clients collaborate together
and create specific strategies and steps to begin reaching those goals. To a
large extent, much of the work in Family Service Centres apply this practice
which is based on a good assessment of what needs to be addressed more
immediately.
Cognitive behavioural theories focus on the relationship between thoughts,
feelings, and behaviours. Social workers assist clients in identifying patterns
of irrational and self-destructive thoughts and behaviours that influence
emotions.
Crisis intervention model is used when someone is dealing with an acute
crisis such as struggling with suicidal thoughts. The model includes seven
stages: assessing safety and risk of harm or hurt, rapport building, problem
identification, addressing feelings, generating alternatives, developing an
action plan, and following up.
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Adapted from “ Theories Used in Social Work Practice & Practice Models” by Simmons Staff.
(2014). Retrieved from https://socialwork.simmons.edu/theories-used-social-work-practice/
Yeo, A. (1993). Counselling: A Problem-Solving Approach. Singapore: Armour Publishing.
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