Publications from ODSW Social Insights: Letters by DSW (Vol 2) | Page 21

Fundamentals of Social Work
Over time, more theories which help us to understand, explain and
formulate intervention were translated or applied in social work practice.
These practice models provide social workers with a framework of how to
help others based on the underlying social work theories. While a theory
explains why something happens, a practice model shows how to use a
theory to create change.

Social Work Theories 5
There are many social work theories that guide social work practice. Here
are some of the major theories that are generally accepted in the field of
social work.
Systems theory describes human behaviour in terms of complex systems. It
is premised on the idea that an effective system is based on individual needs,
rewards, expectations, and attributes of the people living in the system. The
theory explains how individuals, families, couples, groups and communities
can be directly involved in identifying and framing their problem and how
they can be supported to resolve it or to improve the conditions for social
functioning.
Social learning theory is based on Albert Bandura’s idea that learning
occurs through observation and imitation. New behaviour will continue
if it is reinforced. According to the theory, rather than simply hearing a
new concept and applying it, learning takes place when new behaviour
is practised and sustained. Much of the work done in the guidance and
rehabilitation of youths at risk and addiction apply social learning theory.
Psychosocial development theory is an eight-stage theory of identity and
psychosocial development by Erik Erikson. Erikson believed everyone must
pass through eight stages of development over the life cycle: hope, will,
purpose, competence, fidelity, love, care, and wisdom. Each stage is divided
into age ranges from infancy to older adults.
Psychodynamic theory was developed by Freud, and it explains personality
in terms of conscious and unconscious forces. The theory describes the
personality as consisting of the id (responsible for following basic instincts),
the superego (attempts to follow rules and behave morally), and the ego
(mediates between the id and the ego).
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Adapted from “Theories Used in Social Work Practice & Practice Models” by Simmons Staff.
(2014). Retrieved from https://socialwork.simmons.edu/theories-used-social-work-practice/
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