Entraves
Não obstante a criação do Mercado Único sem fronteiras, com as quatro liberdades asseguradas e os constantes progressos registados (em termos de aprofundamento e reforço), e tendo em conta que se trata de um processo dinâmico, existem, ainda, lacunas em áreas onde a integração tem avançado mais lentamente, assim como vários entraves/obstáculos, que dificultam o bom funcionamento do Mercado Único (The Single Market Scoreboard | Relatório Anual sobre o Mercado Único de 2023 | Relatório Anual sobre o Controlo da Aplicação do Direito da UE).
FINLAND is a Nordic country located in the Fino-Scandinavia region, in northern Europe, and borders Sweden, Russia, Norway and Estonia. The country was classified as the second most "stable" in the world, after Denmark, in a survey based on social, economic, political and military indicators. Finnish society stands out for its high level of education system, equal opportunities, solid social security and a highly export-based economy.
However, its industrialization process was slow, being an essentially agrarian country until the 1950s. After this date, there was a rapid economic acceleration and, in the 1970s, the country reached one of the best levels of income and quality of life of the world.
Its economy is open and developed, particularly in the forestry, ICT, metalworking, engineering, electronics, biotechnology and manufacturing sectors (highly competitive). Finland generally depends on imports of raw materials, energy and components.
After a recovery of 3.1% in 2021, real GDP growth slowed down in 2022 (1.6%), according to the EIU, due to the scarcity of materials, high production costs and commodities, as a consequence of the negative impact of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine due to the country's intense trade relationship with Russia. It is expected that in 2023 the forecasts for real GDP growth of 1.5% will have been achieved, due to substantial inflation, the energy crisis and lower external demand.
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Image by Kosti Keistinen from Pixabay