Introduction:
can significantly assist DOD. The time is right for DOD and
ICITAP to develop a strong partnership in order to deal with
POM, ES, and EM issues that are prevalent in both post-con-
flict and struggling steady state countries. ICITAP’s approach
to POM, EM, and ES does much more than merely stress the
maintenance of law and order; it promotes essential principles
of good governance. Most importantly, ICITAP’s focus on good
governance in regards to POM, EM, and ES, complements the
budding partnership between DOD and the Italian Carabinieri
Corps.
In December 2016, new defense legislation went into effect that
makes it easier for DOD to deal directly with security sector
actors in the United States Government. NDAA 2017, Section
385 gives the Secretary of Defense authority to transfer funds to
support other USG agencies' activities that are necessary for the
success of DOD programs, but which DOD cannot carry out.
There is $75 million set aside for this initiative and the Office
of the Deputy Secretary of Defense for Security Cooperation is
in the process of developing an implementation strategy for this
Promoting Effective and Humane Public Order Manage-
new funding stream. The Department of Justice’s International
ment and Election Security
Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program (ICITAP)
was created in 1986. ICITAP has worked in more than 100
Although POM is a key function of police around the world,
countries, including post-conflict missions in Panama, Haiti,
many police organizations do not have Use of Force (UoF)
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Iraq, Afghanistan, Albania,
Somalia, Uganda and Sierra Leone. ICITAP has extensive expe- policies or POM plans. While police perform a variety of roles
when providing election security, such as effective coordination
rience and expertise in public order management (POM), elec-
with election monitors and poll workers, and the protection of
tion security (ES) and emergency management (EM), which
Public Order Management (POM) polling
and Election
Security
stations—their
ability (ES)
to maintain public order is crit-
Effective Public Order Management
(POM) and Election Security (ES)
Institutional Development—1—5 years
One year before and up to the election
--Develop/improve Use of Force and Force Options
Policies
--Develop/improve POM and ES plans for police
that are institutionalized by the police
organization and include coordination between
police, courts, and prisons
--Election Commission develops handbook
--POM and ES training developed for instructors at
the basic, mid-level, and command levels that is
institutionalized
--Impact of training is evaluated through audits,
internal exercises, and on-scene supervision
--Police must be objective in dealing with POM
--Police liaison officers assigned to coordinate with
demonstrators and political parties
--Integrated ES training for police, election
monitors, poll workers, and prosecutors that is
coordinated by the Election Commission
--Police coordinate with civil society, media, and
schools to present civic education lessons
--Donation of relevant crowd control equipment
--Careful review of the police’s POM and ES plans
and the Election Commission’s (EC) handbook
--Conduct seminars that explain the roles of
police, election monitors, and poll workers in
coordination with the EC, UN, OSCE and other
donors
--Refresher training with instructors on POM and
ES principles
--Polling station security simulations for police
overseen by the EC
--Civic education initiative for POM and ES. How
the police and criminal justice actors should
act
--Police liaison officers coordinate with
demonstrators and political parties
--Police must be objective in their approach to
maintaining public order—they cannot let their
own opinions and biases affect their conduct
8