years that followed , they continued to open mass graves , in the absence of institutional Navarrese support ; developing projects for the recognition of forced labour ; marking the homes of the murdered victims of reprisals or the places where they were buried ; and raising awareness about one of the most emblematic spaces of repression in Navarre : the Fort of San Cristóbal and its Cemetery of the Bottles .
The Navarre Institute of Memory and the regulation of places of remembrance .
From 2015 onwards , there was a new memorialist revival , consequence of the new government taking on the agenda of the memorialist movement , which prompted a series of public policies on memory , based on six themes : the organisation of institutional acts of reparation for various groups of victims ; the implementation of a plan for the exhumation and identification of disappeared persons ; the removal of Francoist symbols and the democratisation of public space ; the preservation and dissemination of the memory of the victims ; the development of an educational programme for the intergenerational transmission of memory called Schools with Memory ; and the promotion and preservation of places of historical memory in Navarre .
Over the following three years , a considerable number of plaques and monuments installed by the Government of Navarre commemorated civil servants , elected public officials , teachers , those interned in Gurs , those who worked on the construction of the road from Igal to Vidángoz or those who were murdered in Torrero cemetery in Zaragoza . Expressions of remembrance in which , similarly , memorialist associations and local entities proliferated with signs and monoliths in municipal buildings , in streets and squares or in places where repressive events took place .
The proliferation of spaces or places of remembrance in Navarre has kindled an awareness of a dual need : on the one hand , to transmit this legacy of memory to society as a whole , paying particular attention to the younger generations ; and , on the other , to protect this memorialist heritage from deterioration due to the passing of time or vandalism ; also from politically motivated attacks as occurred at the end of the first decade of this century with the actions of the extreme right-wing group Falange y Tradición .
The Foral Law of Navarre 33 / 2013 echoed the term “ places of remembrance ” in article 9 , although without elaborating on its definition , contemplated the recognition of places such as the Sartaguda Memorial Park and the Fort Alfonso XII prison . This generic protection , however , did not provide sufficient legal framework or sufficient regulatory procedure and for this reason , the Navarre Institute of Memory promoted the development of a specific law to remedy these shortcomings .
In November 2017 , the Technical Coordination Commission for Historical Memory approved a provisional census of places of remembrance that should be given special protection by the administration . In it , the Sartaguda Memorial Park was highlighted for its emblematic nature . It also included several mass graves and the Cemetery of the Bottles ; numerous places of detention and executions , including the Fort of San Cristóbal ; sites of forced labour ; memorial spaces or commemorative plaques , including the “ tropezones ” [ sidewalk remembrance plaques ].
Finally , the Foral Law of Navarre 29 / 2018 , of 26 December , on Places of Historical Memory of Navarre received the endorsement of the Navarrese legislature with 48 votes in favour and only two abstentions . From the outset , the text expressed the commitment of Navarrese society to the memory of the victims of Franco ’ s repression . It is based on the conviction that memory -their memory- must become an essential tool when it comes to making progress in the construction of a real , fair and peaceful coexistence , critical of all processes of human rights violations , in the past and in the present . A memory , based on empathy , that encourages the development of public policies that respond to the right to truth , justice and
88
Observing Memories Issue 6