Military Review English Edition May-June 2016 | Page 89

ARMY AIRCRAFT
2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2014/12/
the-tragedy-of-the-american-military/383516.
9. Congressional Budget Office, “Alternatives for Modernizing U.S. Fighter Forces” (Washington, DC: CBO, May 2009), accessed 15 March 2015, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/41181.
10. Allan R. Millett, “Korea, 1950-1953,” in Cooling, Case
Studies, 363.
11. General Almond to Chief, Army Field Forces, letter,
subject: Effectiveness of Close Air Support, 1952, Joint Tactical
Air Support Board Decimal File 1949-1951, Army Field Forces
HQS, General Staff, G-3 Section; 373.21, Box No. 484; HQ Army
Ground Forces, Record Group 337; National Archives Building,
College Park, MD, 19.
12. Robert Futrell, The United States Air Force in Korea,
1950-1953 (New York: Duell, 1961), 58, 362–63.
13. Bradford J. Shwedo, XIX Tactical Air Command and Ultra
(Maxwell AFB, AL: Air University Press, 2001), 8.
14. Michael J. Chandler, “Gen Otto P. Weyland, USAF—
Close Air Support in the Korean War” (master’s thesis, School of
Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2007), 19.
15. Ibid., 17–18.
16. Dennis E. Showalter, Patton and Rommel: Men of War
in the Twentieth Century, 1st ed. (New York: Berkley Caliber,
2005), 371.
17. David N. Spires, Air Power for Patton’s Army: XIX Tactical
Air Command in the Second World War (Washington, DC: Air
Force History and Museums Program, 2002), 152.
18. XIX Tactical Air Command, “Twelve Thousand Fighter-Bomber Sorties: XIX Tactical Air Command’s First Month
Operations in Support of Third US Army in France,” France, September 1944, 59, accessed 1 March 2015, http://cgsc.contentdm.
oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4013coll8/id/356.
19. W.A. Jacobs, “The Battle for France, 1944,” in Cooling,
Case Studies, 260.
20. Kenn Rust, The 9th Air Force in World War II (Fallbrook,
CA: Aero Publishers, 1967), 67–68.
21. Heinz Günther Guderian and Fritz Kramer, Fighting in
Normandy: The German Army from D-Day to Villers-Bocage (Mechanicsburg, PA: Greenhill Books, 2001), 202.
22. Max Hastings, Overlo rd: D-Day and the Battle for Normandy (New York: Simon/Schuster, 1984), 183.
23. Conference between General Patton, General Weyland,
and SHAEF Correspondents, December 16, 1944, Nancy, France,
Patton Papers; Box 12, Folder 15: Diary 1943–1945, Manuscript
Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
24. John Bolton, “The High Cost of High-priced Aircraft,” Small Wars Journal (26 October 2015), accessed
29 March 2016, http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/
the-high-cost-of-high-price-aircraft.
25. Michael H. Johnson, “Cleared to Engage—Improving Joint
Close Air Support Effectiveness” (monograph, Air Command and
Staff College, June 2008), 6.

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26. Steve Tittel, “Cost, Capability, and the Hunt for a Lightweight Ground Attack Aircraft,” (master’s thesis, U.S. Army CGSC,
2009), 44–46;
27. Pape, “The True Worth of Air Power.”
28. Hourly Operating Cost of Various Attack Aircraft source:
Department of Defense (DOD), “Fixed-Wing and Rotary-Wing
Reimbursement Rates,” data from Fiscal Years 2011–2014, accessed
29 March 2016, http://comptroller.defense.gov; Total Ownership
Costs per Aircraft (2014 Dollars) source: DOD Comptroller, Program
Acquisition Cost by Weapons System—FY 2008-2015 (Washington,
DC: DOD, March 2014), accessed 29 March 2016, https://timemilitary.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/afcap-data-for-2008-2012.xlsx.
Note on methodology: Aircraft costs are notoriously difficult to pinpoint. This article utilized a variety of USAF and DOD comptroller
sources. When an aircraft has multiple variants, the most-produced
unit cost is used. Costs displayed are all in 2014 dollars, adjusted
2014 year-end average Consumer Price Index. Sources for cost: Col.
James C. Ruehrmund Jr., Retired, USAF, and Christopher J. Bowie,
Arsenal of Airpower: USAF Aircraft Inventory 1950–2009 (Arlington,
VA: Mitchell Institute Press, 2010); DOD Comptroller, Program Acquisition Cost by Weapons System—FY 2008–2015 (Washington,
DC: DOD, March 2014), accessed 28 April 2015, http://comptroller.
defense.gov; and DOD, “Fixed-Wing and Rotary-Wing Reimbursement Rates,” data from Fiscal Years 2011–2014, accessed 15 May
2015, http://comptroller.defense.gov.
29. Joint Publication ( JP) 3-09.3, Close Air Support (Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, November 2014), xii.
30. Steve Brown, Department of Joint, International, and
Multinational Operations, U.S. Army CGSC, conversation with
the author, 20 April 2015.
31. Jeffrey Harrigan, “Executive Summary of Coalition Airstrike in the Vicinity of Arghandab, Afghanistan on 9 June 2014,”
U.S. Central Command, August 2014, accessed 8 May 2015,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/238691680.
32. Ibid., 2.
33. X Corps, “Army Tactical Air Support Requirements and
Trends in Air-Ground Methods,” Korea, December 1950, 3,
accessed 28 April 2015, http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/
collection/p4013coll11/id/1571.
34. Martin Van Creveld, The Age of Air Power (New York:
PublicAffairs, 2012), 433.
35. Grant Hammond, The Mind of War: John Boyd and American Security (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 2001), 109.
36. General Accounting Office (GAO), Military Readiness
Division, Lingering Training, and Equipment Issues Hamper
Air Support of Ground Forces (Washington, DC: U.S. GAO,
May 2003, accessed 1 May 2015, http://www.gao.gov/assets/240/238142.pdf.
37. FW aircraft utilized a nine-line, target-centric CAS brief
as opposed to the five-line, friendly-centric brief used by rotary-wing aircraft. See JP 3-09.3, chap. V.
38. JP 3-09.3.

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