Living Environment Translated English 2014 | Page 29

57. Pioneer species- organisms that are the first to live in an previously
uninhabited area
58. Secondary succession- reestablishment of a damaged ecosystem in
an area where the soil is still intact
59. Climax community- a stage of succession community of plants that
is relatively stable and undisturbed and has reached an end
60. Native species- an organism that naturally lives in an ecosystem
61. Introduced species- an organism that does not naturally live in an
ecosystem and is brought into a foreign ecosystem
62. Sustainability- the ability of an ecosystem to maintain itself
without using up all of its natural resources

B. General Notes:
1. The biosphere is the portion of the Earth that supports life.
2. Biomes are large geographic areas that have similar climates and
ecosystems.
a. Tundra- cold, dry, treeless biome with less than 25 cm of
precipitation each year, a short growing season, covered by
ice most of the year, and winters that can be six to nine
months.
b. Taiga- world’s largest biome, located south of the tundra ,
has long, cold winters, precipitation between 35-100 cm a
year, cone-bearing evergreen trees ( conifers) and dense
forests
c. Temperate deciduous forests- biome that usually has four
seasons ( winter, spring, summer, fall) , precipitation
between 75 cm and 1500 cm, and climax communities of
deciduous trees .
d. Temperate rain forest- biome with 200cm-400cm
precipitation each year, average temperature between 90C