If the carbon chain is on opposite sides of the double bond, then they are called trans-fatty acids.
Because of this the structure of the fatty acid is straight with no bends in the chain, even though it is
unsaturated. In the production of margarine the vegetable oils are hardened, so that the product is
easier to spread. In some of these processes some of the unsaturated cis-fatty acids are transformed
into trans-fatty acids. Trans-fatty acids are considered to be a health risk, increasing the chance for
cardiovascular diseases.
Cis-fatty acids have bends in their structure
Trans-fatty acids have a straight structure
Fatty acids that have multiple cis-bonds are called polyunsaturated fats. Many of these fatty acids
can’t be produced in our bodies and we must get them through our diet. Essential fatty acids
(EFA),also called omega-fatty acids and previously called vitamin F, are fatty acids that our body
absolutely needs to function properly.
Linoleic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid, that our body doesn’t produce itself.
It has been found to protect our brain, heart and nerve systems.
4. Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a lipid, just like fats, so they are not soluble in water. It’s structure resembles that of
steroids, like testosterone. Cholesterol is a vital aspect in a lot of our body functions, such as
producing vitamin D and hormones.
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