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B. All managers are leaders.
C. All leaders are hierarchically superior to followers.
D. Nonsanctioned leadership is as important as or more important
than formal influence.
18) What are three situational criteria identified in the Fiedler
model?
A. Charisma, influence, and leader-member relations
B. Leader-member relations, task structure, and position power
C. Task structure, leadership ability, and group conflict
D. Emotional intelligence, group orientation, and employee status
19) The reconceptualization of the contingency model by Garcia
and Fiedler is called __________ theory.
A. situational
B. cognitive resource
C. evaluative
D. cognitive dissonance
20) Which path-goal leadership style leads to greater satisfaction
when tasks are ambiguous or stressful?
A. Directive
B. Supportive
C. Participative
D. Reactive