MATERIAL GROUP |
LAMINA GR. N ° |
VDI GRP |
MATERIAL EXAMPLES |
DESCRIPTION |
CAUTION |
P |
Non Alloyed 1
Low Alloyed 2
High Alloyed 3
|
1 2 3 4, 6 5, 7 6 8 10 10 11 11 |
C35, Ck45, 1020, 1045, 1060, 28Mn6
42CrMo4, St50, Ck60, 4140, 4340, 100Cr6
X40CrMoV5, H13, M42, D3, S6-5-2, 12Ni19
|
Non-alloyed Steel Composition: Fe-C alloy( usually 0.1 to 0.6 % carbon). Characteristics: Good machinability and high cutting speeds can be applied. When it has less than 0.25 % carbon, it can be very sticky, requiring positive rake and small land inserts.
Alloyed Steel Composition: Fe-C alloy( maximum 2.1 % carbon) with additives like Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Mn, Co, W, etc.
Characteristics: The variation in the amount of alloying elements and different heat treatments control features such as mechanical resistance and machinability. It’ s important to follow the cutting speeds recommended according to the hardness of the steel, as it influences temperature as well as chemical and adhesive wears.
High alloyed Steel have more than 5 % alloying elements.
|
Built-up edge Crater
Built-up edge Crater
Crater
|
M |
Austenitic 4
Duplex 5
Ferritic & Martensitic
6
|
14 14 14 14 12 13 |
304, 316,
X5CrNi18-9 Composition: Alloyed steel, more than 11 % chrome( Cr).
X2CrNiN23-4, S31500
410, X6Cr17, 17-4PH, 430
Characteristics: Stainless steels do not stain, corrode, or rust as easily as ordinary steel. Usually they are difficult to machine because of its narrow range of cutting speeds. If the cutting speed is too low, the material sticks in the cutting edge, if it’ s too high, the high quantity of additives produces abrasive wears in the cutting edge.
|
Built-up edge Notch wear
Notch wear Crater
Crater
|
K |
Grey 7
Malleable & Nodular
8
|
15 15 16 17, 19 17, 19 18, 20 |
GG20, GG40, EN-GJL-250, N030B
GG40, GG70, 50005
|
Composition: Fe-C alloy with 2.1 to 5 % of carbon. It can be alloyed with Si, P, Mn and Ni.
Characteristics: Grey cast iron tends to be brittle, and malleable cast irons usually have a more ductile but less homogeneous micro-structure. Reinforced cutting edges will perform best. High productivity can be achieved by using high feeds.
|
Flank wear Crater Mechanical cracks |
S |
Fe, Ni & Co based
9
Ti based 10
|
|
Composition: Iron( Fe) based, Nickel( Ni) based or Cobalt( Co) based alloys and Titanium alloys.
Characteristics: High temperature alloys and titanium provide excellent mechanical strength resistance, as well as corrosion and oxidation resistance. Relatively low cutting speed is recommended due to their poor thermal conductivity.
|
Notch wear Crater |
H |
Steel 11
38
X100 CrMo13, 440C, G-X260NiCr42
Chilled Cast Iron 12 40 Ni-Hard 2
White Cast Iron 13 41 G-X300CrMo15
38
38
|
This group includes hardened and tempered steel up to 55 HRc, chilled and white cast iron up to 55 HRc. Machining success depends largely on clamping system rigidity, as cutting forces and power consumption are high. Finishing represents the majority of the operations for this material group. |
Crater |
|
Alu 14 25 AlSi12
AL(< 8 % Si) 15
21, 22, 23, 24
4 % < Si < 8 %
Si < 4 %
|
Non-ferrous and soft materials( less than 130HB of hardness). Most common: Aluminium
Composition: Al alloys can be alloyed with Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn and Si.
|
||
NF |
Copper Alloys 16 26, 27, 28 CuZn30
Non Metallic 17
29 Fiber Plastics
- Graphite
30 Hard Rubber
|
Characteristics: Aluminium is widely used due to its low density and relatively good strength to weight ratio. When machining, it tends to have long chips and built-up edge. A highly positive cutting edge together with low friction coating control the chips and reduce built up edge. |
Built-up edge |