Contents
PREFACE Vil / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IX
1 Histology & Its Methods ofStudy 1
Preparation of Tissues for Study 1 Light Microscopy 4 Electron Microscopy 8 Autoradiography 9 Cell & Tissue Culture 10 Enzyme Histochemistry 10 Visualizing Specific Molecules 10 Interpretaron of Structures in Tissue Sections 14 Summary of Key Points 15 Assess Your Knowledge 16
2 The Cytoplasm 17
Cell Differentiation 17 The Plasma Membrane 17 Cytoplasmic Organelles 27 The Cytoskeleton 42 Inclusions 48 Summary of Key Points 51 Assess Your Knowledge 52
3 The Nucleus 53
Components of the Nucleus 53 The Cell Cycle 58 Mitosis 61 Stem Cells & Tissue Renewal 65 Meiosis 65 Apoptosis 67 Summary of Key Points 69 Assess Your Knowledge 70
4 Epithelial Tissue 71
Characteristic Features of Epithelial Cells 71 Specializations of the Apical Cell Surface 77 Types of Epithelia 80 Transport Across Epithelia 88 Renewal of Epithelial Cells 88 Summary of Key Points 90 Assess Your Knowledge 93
5 Connective Tissue 96
Cells ofConnective Tissue 96 Fibers 103 Ground Substance 111 Types ofConnective Tissue 114 Summary of Key Points 119 Assess Your Knowledge 120
6 Adipose Tissue 122
White Adipose Tissue 122 Brown Adipose Tissue 126 Summary of Key Points 127 Assess Your Knowledge 128
7 Cartilage 129
Hyaline Cartilage 129 Elastic Cartilage 133 Fibrocartilage 134 Cartilage Formaron, Growth, & Repair 134 Summary of Key Points 136 Assess Your Knowledge 136
8 Bone 138
Bone Cells 138 Bone Matrix 143 Periosteum & Endosteum 143 TypesofBone 143 Osteogenesis 148 Bone Remodeling & Repair 152 Metabolic Role of Bone 154 Joints 155 Summary of Key Points 158 Assess Your Knowledge 159
9 Nerve Tissue & the Nervous System 161
Development of Nerve Tissue 161 Neurons 163 Glial Cells & Neuronal Activity 168 Central Nervous System 1 75 Peripheral Nervous System 182 iii