Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine: Special Issue 50-4bokBW | Page 77

Strengthening rehabilitation services in Indonesia
Table III. Prevalence of disability by type and degree of disability (in population
over 10 years of age; modified (16))
Degree of disability and
number
Type of disability Total number of
A little
Severe
population more % of
(thousands) (thousands) than 10 years old PWD
Vision
Hearing
Walking or climbing stairs
Remembering or concentrating
Self-care 5,313
2,568
2,432
2,126
1,511
507
456
656
616
533
PWD: people with disability.
According to a survey conducted in 2010 by
the University of Indonesia and National Team
to Accelerate Poverty, the proportion of PWD
in Indonesia was 4.3%, based on Washington
Group questions (14). This figure is lower than
the average world prevalence rate of disability in
the adult population, which is 15.6%, according
to the World Report on Disability (WRD) (15).
Table III illustrates the prevalence of disability
in Indonesia by type and degree in the population
over the age of 10 years. Most PWD have visual
impairment (3.05%). Other impairments or disa-
bilities are: hearing, walking or climbing stairs,
remembering or concentrating, and self-care, at
1.58%, 1.62%, 1.44% and 1.07%, respectively
(16).
The prevalence of disability by age and degree
of disability in Indonesia over the age of 15 years
is shown in Table IV. Approximately 23% of
people between 50 and 69 years old have severe
and very severe disability. Furthermore, more than
50% people age 70 years and older have severe
and very severe disability. Almost 38% of people
age 70 years and older have difficulties with daily
living (14). Meanwhile, almost 40% of PWD have
more than one disability (17).
379
Information on
disability policies and
governmental and
non-governmental
stakeholders
According to National
Law number 8, 2016, de-
scribed above, disability
in Indonesia is classified
as physical, intellectual,
mental and/or sensory.
However, it can a lso be a
combination of these clas-
sifications.
The Ministry of Social Welfare is primarily
responsible for PWD. It has budget allocation for
social services and rehabilitation of PWD. More
than 70% of the budget is allocated to provision of
social assistance or social security for people with
“severe disability” or “irreversible disabilities”.
The remainder is used to build infrastructure and
develop human resources (2).
190,839
190,839
190,839
190,839
190,839
3.05
1.58
1.62
1.44
1.07
Information about (health-related)
rehabilitation service capacity
Within the Ministry of Health, rehabilitation
services are facilitated through the NHS. It pro-
vides rehabilitation services and basic assistive
devices. There are 7 types of assistive device
covered by the Indonesian NHS: eyeglasses,
hearing aids, incisors, collar neck/cervical collar/
neck braces, corsets, extremity prostheses/den-
tures, and crutches (18). In addition to national/
government health insurance, private insurance
is also available in Indonesia. Under private
insurance, health-related services are covered
according to the contract between consumers
and insurance companies, some of which cover
rehabilitation-related services.
In addition, the Ministry
of Health has regulated that
rehabilitation services should
Table IV. Disability prevalence in adult (%) by age group and degree of
be implemented as an integral
disability (modified; (14))
part of the service in hospi-
Degree of disability (%)
tal types A (top referral), B
(provincial) and C (city). In
Very
Total of severe
Age group
None
A little Mild
Severe
severe
and very severe
Indonesia, acute, post-acute
and long-term rehabilitation
15–34 years
72.64
14.11
8.87
3.28
1.09
4.37
35–49 years
57.16
19.66
15.16 6.44
1.57
8.01
services also exist, particular-
50–69 years
30.07
20.26
26.10 17.59
5.99
23.58
ly in hospital types A, B and
> 70 years
8.88
9.22
21.81 33.51
26.58
60.09
C. However, there are no data
Total (%)
57.59
16.84
14.52 8.03
3.02
100
available on these services.
J Rehabil Med 50, 2018