J. Eur. Opt. Society-Rapid Publ. 21, 11( 2025) 121
22 Fu L, Li J, Yang H, Dong H, Han X, Optical solitons in birefringent fibers with the generalized coupled space – time fractional non-linear Schrödinger equations, Front. Phys. 11, 1108505( 2023). https:// doi. org / 10.3389 / fphy. 2023.1108505.
23 Li Z, Fan W, Miao F, Chaotic pattern, phase portrait, sensitivity and optical soliton solutions of coupled conformable fractional fokas-lenells equation with spatiotemporal dispersion in birefringent fibers, Results Phys. 47, 106386( 2023). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rinp. 2023.106386.
24 Mahmood M, Chirped optical solitons in single-mode birefringent fibers, Appl. Opt. 35( 34), 6844( 1996). https:// doi. org / 10.1364 / AO. 35.006844.
25 Triki H, Zhou Q, Liu W, Biswas A, Moraru L, Yıldırım Y, Alshehri HM, Belic MR, Chirped optical soliton propagation in birefringent fibers modeled by coupled fokas-lenells system, Chaos Solit. Fractals 155, 111751( 2022). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. chaos. 2021.111751.
26 Xiao Y, Zhang J, Duan H, Transmission stability of chirped bright vector quasi-solitons in birefringent fiber system with nonlinear gain, Optik 212, 164751( 2020). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijleo. 2020.164751.
27 Xiao Y, Zhang J, He Q, Transmission stability of chirped dark vector quasi-solitons in birefringent fiber system with nonlinear gain, Opt. Appl. L1( 1), 51( 2021). https:// doi. org / 10.37190 / oa210104.
28 Yıldırım Y, Optical solitons to sasa-satsuma model in birefringent fibers with modified simple equation approach, Optik 184, 197( 2019). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijleo. 2019. 03.022.
29 Raza N, Zubair A, Dipole and combo optical solitons in birefringent fibers in the presence of four-wave mixing, Commun. Theor. Phys. 71( 6), 723( 2019). https:// doi. org / 10.1088 / 0253-6102 / 71 / 6 / 723.
30 González-Gaxiola O, Biswas A, Yildirim Y, Alshehri HM, Highly dispersive optical solitons in birefringent fibres with non-local form of nonlinear refractive index: Laplace – adomian decomposition, Ukr. J. Phys. Opt. 23( 2), 68( 2022). https:// doi. org / 10.3116 / 16091833 / 23 / 2 / 68 / 2022.
31 Asma M, Biswas A, Ekici M, Gonzalez-Gaxiola O, Alzahrani AK, Belic MR, Optical solitons in birefringent fibers with quadratic-cubic nonlinearity by traveling waves and adomian decomposition, Opt. Quantum Electron. 53, 1( 2021). https:// doi. org / 10.1007 / s11082-021-02778-2.
32 Samir I, Badra N, Ahmed HM, Arnous AH, Solitons in birefringent fibers for cgl equation with hamiltonian perturbations and kerr law nonlinearity using modified extended direct algebraic method. Commun. Nonlinear Sci, Numer. Simul. 102, 105945( 2021). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cnsns. 2021.105945.
33 Rehman S, Ahmad J, Modulation instability analysis and optical solitons in birefringent fibers to RKL equation without four wave mixing, Alex. Eng. J. 60( 1), 1339( 2021). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aej. 2020.10.055.
34 Han T, Li Z, Yuan J, Optical solitons and single traveling wave solutions of biswas-arshed equation in birefringent fibers with the beta-time derivative, AIMS Math. 7( 8), 15282( 2022). https:// doi. org / 10.3934 / math. 2022837.
35 Zayed EM, Alngar ME, Shohib RM, Biswas A, Triki H, Yıldırım Y, Alshomrani AS, Alshehri HM, Cubic-quartic optical solitons in birefringent fibers with Sasa-Satsuma equation, Optik 261, 169230( 2022). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijleo. 2022.169230.
36 SQU Rehman, Ahmad J, Investigation of exact soliton solutions to chen – lee – liu equation in birefringent fibers and stability analysis, J. Ocean Eng. Sci.( 2022). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. joes. 2022.05.026.
37 Uddin M, Hafez M, Optical wave phenomena in birefringent fibers described by space-time fractional cubic-quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the sense of beta and conformable derivative, Adv. Math. Phys. 2022( 1), 7265164( 2022). https:// doi. org / 10.1155 / 2022 / 7265164.
38 Muniyappan A, Manikandan K, Seadawy AR, Parasuraman E, Dynamical characteristics and physical structure of cusplike singular solitons in birefringent fibers, Results Phys. 56, 107241( 2024). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rinp. 2023.107241.
39 Triki H, Kruglov VI, Generation of solitons and periodic wave trains in birefringent optical fibers, Chaos Solit. Fractals 186, 115300( 2024). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. chaos. 2024.115300.
40 Triki H, Kruglov VI, Propagation of m-shaped and w-shaped similaritons in birefringent tapered graded-index nonlinear fiber amplifiers, Opt. Commun. 574, 131054( 2025). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. optcom. 2024.131054.
41 Kaup DJ, Newell AC, An exact solution for a derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, J. Math. Phys. 19( 4), 798( 1978). https:// doi. org / 10.1063 / 1.523737.
42 Kaup DJ, Newell AC, Theory of nonlinear oscillating dipolar excitations in one-dimensional condensates, Phys. Rev. B 18( 10), 5162( 1978). https:// doi. org / 10.1103 / PhysRevB. 18. 5162.
43 Kudryashov NA, Lavrova SF, Traveling wave solutions of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy, Appl. Math. Comput. 477, 128802( 2024). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. amc. 2024.128802.
44 Kudryashov NA, Hamiltonians of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations, Mathematics 11( 10), 2304( 2023). https:// doi. org / 10.3390 / math11102304.
45 Biswas A, Soliton perturbation theory for alfven waves in plasmas, Phys. Plasmas 12( 2), 022306( 2005). https:// doi. org / 10.1063 / 1.1848109.
46 Arshed S, Biswas A, Abdelaty M, Zhou Q, Moshokoa SP, Belic M, Sub pico-second chirp-free optical solitons with kaupnewell equation using a couple of strategic algorithms, Optik 172, 766( 2018). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijleo. 2018.07.082.
47 Biswas A, Yıldırım Y, Yasßar E, Zhou Q, Moshokoa SP, Belic M, Sub pico-second pulses in mono-mode optical fibers with kaup – newell equation by a couple of integration schemes, Optik 167, 121( 2018). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijleo. 2018. 04.063.
48 Triki H, Biswas A, Zhou Q, Moshokoa SP, Belic M, Chirped envelope optical solitons for kaup – newell equation, Optik 177, 1( 2019). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijleo. 2018.09.137.
49 Salas AH, El-Tantawy S, Youssef AAAQR, New solutions for chirped optical solitons related to kaup-newell equation: Application to plasma physics, Optik 218, 165203( 2020). https:// doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijleo. 2020.165203.
50 Qian X, Lu D, Arshad M, Shehzad K, Novel traveling wave solutions and stability analysis of perturbed Kaup-Newell Schrödinger dynamical model and its applications, Chinese Physics B 30( 2), 020201( 2021). https:// doi. org / 10.1088 / 1674-1056 / abbbfc.
51 Arshad M, Seadawy AR, Sarwar A, Yasin F, Novel analytical solutions and optical soliton structures of fractionalorder perturbed Kaup-Newell model and its application,