Ispectrum Magazine Ispectrum Magazine #09 | Page 41

standard of evidence for evidence that they do not want to be true. Confirmation bias can involve a different thought process called confirmatory thought, which seeks evidence to justify an already held point of view. Lerner and Tetlock have succeeded in separating two different trains of thought. Exploratory thought is a neutral process that considers all the evidence and predicts all possible outcomes, whilst confirmatory thought attempts to validate their currently held view. Interestingly, Lerner and Tetlock claim that people only force themselves to use critical thinking when they know they will have to argue their point to those whose opinion they do not know or are well informed on the subject. An availability heuristic may be used by people to judge a particular situation based on what information easily comes to mind. Motivational explanation for confirmation bias focus on wishful thinking - prefer happy thoughts or outcomes