Epigenetics and Aging | by Kendra Clark
Our DNA is constantly being threatened by a variety of environmental and lifestyle influences . Fundamentally , there is a gradual reduction in DNA repair with aging . Random cell division dition of a methyl group to DNA ) and modifications of histones ( proteins in which our DNA is packaged ) are two essential areas of epigenetic research . The most relevant markers of gene expression ( ex : methylation , histones , ncRNA ) could be explored further in a subsequent article as these topics are vital in deepening our understanding of epigenetics and its influence on aging .
EPIGENETICS AND SKIN INTEGRITY :
Now that we have a primary understanding of the influence of epigenetics on the cells ’ ability to divide , repair and restore , we will explore its influence on skin health . The study of epigenetics in clinical medicine and its potential influence on standards of care is relatively new ; nevertheless , the applications to aesthetic medicine are promising . mutations are evident . In the early years of life , the repair of damaged DNA is robust ; however , as we age , the mechanism of repair is inevitably compromised . Evidence based data suggests that the process of DNA repair can be positively influenced by epigenetics ; however , the fact remains that with most physiologic systems the process of cellular repair gradually wanes with age .
It is also well known that caps at the ends of chromosomes , called telomeres , shorten with each cell division until they reach a critical threshold , at which point the cell becomes senescent and can no longer divide . Recent epigenetic research has revealed that this telomere shortening is under epigenetic control , with histones and DNA methylation paramount . Methylation of DNA ( ad-
It is sobering to think that from the first day of birth , we age . Through complex systems , our body continually renews and repairs cells in order to adapt to intrinsic cellular signals and extrinsic exposures . As stated earlier , it is inevitable that all cells experience changes with aging . They become larger and are less able to divide and multiply . Many cells lose their ability to function , and / or they begin to function abnormally . Among other changes , there is an increase in pigments and fatty substances inside the cells . These accumulate as ongoing modification and / or damage occurs to DNA and proteins . These processes are accelerated by free radical damage . Systemic in-
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