International Educational Conference 2025 Post-conference publication | Página 45

dedicated to supporting teachers, educators, and lifelong learners through accessible, science-driven content that encourages critical thinking and a global perspective. Nadav is also a writer and speaker, focused on the history and philosophy of ideas, who has published three

books and had his byline featured in a variety of publications.

Is the memory of Auschwitz, the Holocaust, and WWII in crisis?

“Memory itself in general is in crisis. And I think it's part of a larger crisis which relates to knowledge itself in the 21st century,” shared his thoughts Nadav Neuman, emphasizing that “there is more information than anyone can digest, but somehow that doesn't lead to more knowledge or more truth.” Prof. Dr. Joanna Mannegren disagreed by stating that “memory remains an incredibly productive and powerful site, not just for disinformation and revisionism and so on, but also for more understanding, for developing care, for developing a global or transnational understanding, and for developing peace.” Dr. Daniel Bekele followed the thought by referring to the crisis of the world today, which “is an opportunity to remind ourselves about past memories.” “Only things that are important can be in crisis,” added Dr. Piotr Cywiński, emphasizing the significance of looking into the crisis itself to find out what aspects it concerned. "Perhaps it's our world today that is in crisis, and we have some trouble, how to apply those guidelines from the past to today's time," he pondered.

How can we approach remembrance and memory from the perspective of transitional justice and peace?

Reflecting on the idea of global responsibility from the position of a peace and conflict scholar, Prof. Mannergren pointed to the highest number of ongoing conflicts since WWII and the process of dismantling of such international institutions as the UN or certain parts of the EU structure. “It is important to think about global as not one unified kind of strata,” she said, pointing to the “intermixing of the global and the local” in four basic entry points, such as sites, agents, narrative, and events. “And these are sort of lenses that we can use to study memory politics in societies transitioning from war to peace,” she added. Prof. Mannergren spoke of the example of the victims of a rape camp in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the war in the 1990s, who were silenced on the local level, but their case contributed to the recognition of the wartime rape as a crime against humanity in the global perspective.

Can memory become part of accountability, the process of building bridges, strengthening human rights, and dialogue?

Dr. Daniel Bekele, as a human rights activist, stressed “the responsibility of the global community to support the countries to implement a genuine, human-rights-compliant, victim-centered transitional justice process.” Dr. Bekele also emphasized the need to create a credible and safe space for both victims and perpetrators, where they could come forward and tell their stories, “because this kind of process is what sets apart the fiction and the truth.” He singled out four crucial elements of the transitional justice process, which were truth-seeking and truth-telling, reparations for victims, justice and accountability for perpetrators, and policy and institutional reform measures to ensure non-recurrence of the atrocities. “Memory alone is not enough, unless it is complemented by these four components or pillars,” he summarized.