International Core Journal of Engineering 2020-26 | Page 31

trustworthy data, open sharing and security and reliability in
the blockchain power market. In the value dimension,
crowdsourcing financing and third party transaction under
intelligent contract and asymmetric encryption technology
can respectively meet the innovative needs of demand
response mechanism in business model and transaction
mechanism. Therefore, the electricity market based on
blockchain can better serve the construction of future
electricity market. From the perspective of complex network
system, the physical - Information - value three-dimensional
system interacts in the energy blockchain system with
integration and mutual penetration. The power market based
on blockchain is a decentralized energy system which takes
physical dimension as the bottom layer, information
dimension as the interactive network and value dimension as
the upper layer.
demand response resources, supported by blockchain
technology, can effectively realize the information
interaction between power grid and users, and reduce the
system's power generation equipment on the premise of
ensuring the legitimacy, safety and effectiveness of the
transactions when users are participating in reserve services.
At the same time, after combining the interactive real-time
data and historical data among the grid, users and third
parties, the user behavior under the background of smart grid
can also be mined, and the operation relationship between
grid and load can be more accurately understood, which can
providing better service. Various signs indicate that a large
number of decentralized resources on the demand side will
gradually be incorporated into the power grid interaction
category, which poses a major challenge to the underlying
infrastructure and transaction security.
Blockchain is a decentralized, trustless data architecture,
which is owned, managed and supervised by all nodes in the
network, and does not accept unilateral control. Blockchain
technology uses asymmetric cryptography to encrypt the data.
At the same time, it uses the strong computational power
formed by consensus algorithms such as workload proof of
each node in distributed system to resist external attacks,
ensure that the blockchain data can't be tampered with or
forged, and has high security. This technology is the core of
cryptocurrency technology, and has become the latest
solution to solve the core problems of information security,
data storage, interactive processing in the Internet of Things.
At the same time, demand-side users gradually begin to play
a dual role of consumers and producers through distributed
energy. The power system wants to give demand-side users
more initiative, but users can't keep up with the expected
pace of energy industry change due to the lack of
transparency of information and cumbersome processes.
Decentralization, transparency, fairness, openness and
distribution of blockchain technology are in line with the
needs of current energy reform. Therefore, it is hopeful to
build a decentralized electricity market and promote the
rapid development of distributed energy.
Demand response
Value
dimension
Information
‫ؗ‬ᚥ㔪
dimension
Physical
⢟⨼㔪
dimension
Business model innovation
transaction model innovation
Blockchain Demand response
III. A RCHITECTURE D ESIGN
A. Multi-agent participation framework
smart contract
Dynamic cont
contract
Smart contracts, asymmetric
encryption technology
Comprehensive collection,
timely delivery, authentic,
transparent, safe and reliable Trusted Data Authentication,
Data Open Sharing,
Information Physical System
Security Distributed data verification,
recording and storage
Data authenticity, openness,
security
Distributed energy peer-to-
peer access distributed device
wide area coordination Distributed energy access,
Distributed coordinated control,
Public auxiliary service Distributed peer-to-peer network -
multi-agent participation,
consensus mechanism - distributed
decision
Power grid information
Load number Load distribution
Event publishing
p Load power
p Ċ
synchronization
hroniza Ċ
Inherent
ent property
pro Electricity
tricity p
price
Ċ
cutting
ng quan
quantity
Safety check
Block n-1
Information interaction
Block n
Block n+2
quoted price
eLectricity purchase
DG1
DG2
Ċ
DGm
Block n+1
Optimal calculation
Power purchase fee
quoted price
electricity sales
Multilateral
auction
market
User 1
User 2
Ċ
User n
Wind power plant
Photovoltaic power plant
Blockchain
De centralization of energy
transactions User information Registration
Load aggregator
Fig. 2. implementation of demand response business architecture based on
blockchaining Technology
The construction of demand response service needs the
participation of power grid enterprises, load integrators,
service providers and other parties, which is carried out on
the premise of ensuring the security of power system and
promoting power trading. According to the experience of
foreign power market development, the current trading
methods can be cost compensation system, value accounting
system, bilateral contracts, bidding market or real-time
bidding, which involves a large number of information flow,
capital flow operation. In the traditional electricity market
transaction model, once the centralized nodes have problems,
it will lead to catastrophic destruction. And according to the
current system architecture, although external attacks can be
prevented, but the internal ghost is difficult to prevent,
blockchain is through all participating entities to maintain
this huge database, Although each node can access and
update the database, no entity actually owns it, and all
transactions are unique. This paper designs a requirement
response business architecture based on blockchain shown in
Figure 2. During each requirement response cycle, DG, user
and other participants report and merge all kinds of
Fig. 1. Comparison of technical matching between demand response and
blockchain
Based on the above analysis, it can be found that the
blockchain and electricity market are highly coupled in
physical, information and value dimensions. In physical
dimension, multi-agent participation in distributed peer-to-
peer network can effectively meet the parallel peer-to-peer
requirements of multi-agent participation demand response
mechanism, and distributed decision-making technology
based on consensus mechanism can provide solutions for
optimal decision-making of multi-agent devices. In
information dimension, distributed data validation, recording
and storage technology can effectively meet the needs of
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