harnessing the technological power of Industry 4.0 to create a transportation system [ 2 ]. Besides , “ LOW CARBON MOBILITY BLUEPRINT : 2021- 2030 ” also highlights GHG emissions and energy reduction via electric vehicle adoption [ 3 ]. The “ NATIONAL ENERGY TRANSITION ROADMAP ” has pinpointed green mobility as a pivotal catalyst for transformation [ 4 ]. Electric vehicles are propelling countries toward a more environmentally friendly future , and Malaysia has established the necessary groundwork to implement a low-carbon transportation system .
The Ministry of International Trade and Industry ( MITI ) has set up the National EV Task Force ( NEVTF ) to encourage EV adoption , expand the nationwide EV charging infrastructure , and stimulate investments within the EV ecosystem [ 5 ]. Additionally , MITI has initiated the National EV Steering Committee ( NEVSC ) under the umbrella of the NEVTF . This committee is dedicated to accelerating the advancement of Malaysia ’ s energy-efficient vehicle ( EEV ) ecosystem . The NEVTF has spearheaded promising advancements , including TNB ’ s Greenlane project for EV charging stations ( EVCS ), the formulation of EVCS guidelines by Suruhanjaya Tenaga , the
regulator for the energy sector , and the process for licensing EV charging point operators ( CPOs ). Furthermore , KPKT , the Ministry of Housing and Local Government , has developed guidelines for EV charging bays .
In Malaysia , the EV market primarily consists of a range of vehicles , including :
● Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles ( PHEVs ) combine Fuel and Electric Power . PHEVs use both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor powered by a rechargeable battery . Typically , they offer a limited electric-only range before switching to the combustion engine .
● Battery Electric Vehicles ( BEVs ) are fully electric vehicles . They operate solely on electricity stored in rechargeable batteries , producing zero tailpipe emissions . Different models offer varying ranges per charge , from shorter ranges suitable for city commuting to longer ranges for extended travel .
● Hybrid Electric Vehicles ( HEVs ) combine Gasoline and Electric Power . HEVs utilise an internal combustion engine and an electric motor , but they cannot be plugged
Figure 2 : Types of Electric Vehicles
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