Figure 7 : Sample of Welding Protection ( Safe Habitat ) Source : Photo taken from Malaysia Oil & Gas Industry
Example of Safe Habitat being used as a protection in certain highrisk explosion / fire-related facilities during Hot Work activities such as welding . For instance , the Offshore Oil & Gas Platform complex . Fundamentally , the Safe Habitat extracts air from the Safe Zone and maintains positive pressure inside this barrier , preventing external potential flammable medium from entering the Hot Work vicinity inside the Safe Habitat , creating a safe working environment for the crew . As a precaution , extra fixed and portable gas detectors with alert systems are normally utilised as additional safeguards to detect the ingress of flammable gas inside the Safe Habitat .
printing can be compared to a standard industrial reference ( e . g . A240 316 ) to determine the equivalent per design before use . This concept has similarities to WPS development as shown in Figure 6 .
Conclusion
In conclusion , all market products or fabrications depend on supply and demand and include the element of profit . Though the supplier or fabricator is duly responsible for product safety and quality , it is advantageous if the end user is aware of the product risk ( if it exists ) and takes the necessary mitigation . Welded products for critical usage whereby failure can lead to safety issues ought to have additional quality control barriers established on top of the WPS , such as Batch Sample Destructive Testing , Non-Destructive Testing ( VI , MPI , DPI , UT , RI ), Pressure Test , etc . Most of these quality safeguards are by company initiative per industry standard , but some are regulatory requirements . For instance , our Malaysia law , “ Factories and Machinery ( Steam Boiler and Unfired Pressure Vessel ) Regulations 1970 , Clause 72 ”, calls for hydrostatic tests on pressurised equipment before they are put into first-time service .
Note : VI = Visual Inspection ; MPI = Magnetic Particle Inspection ; DPI = Dye Penetration Inspection ; UT = Ultrasonic Inspection ; RI = Radiographic Inspection
REFERENCE
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Process Piping ( ASME B31.3 ), 2014
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers , Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code , Section IX ( ASME BPVC . IX ), 2017
American Petroleum Institute , API Standard 1104 , Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities , 2013
LAWS OF MALAYSIA , ACT 514 , Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 .
LAWS OF MALAYSIA ACT 139 , Factories and Machinery ( Steam Boiler and Unfired Pressure Vessel ) Regulations 1970 .
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