INGENIEUR
INGENIEUR
Figure 1 : HAZOP Examination Session Procedures ( Courtesy of IGL Services )
2 . Identify Node The team conducts a line-by-line or node-by-node examination of the process or operation ' s firm design . Nodes are the study ' s boundaries and must be explicitly defined as part of the study ' s specification , along with how any issues extending beyond these nodes will be discussed .
3 . Apply Deviation The HAZOP team investigates each feature and attribute that is significant for divergence from the design purpose , which might result in unfavourable outcomes . A questioning procedure employing prepared “ guide words ” is used to identify departures from the design purpose . The purpose of the guidewords is to stimulate creative thought , focus the study , and elicit ideas and discussion , thereby increasing the likelihood that the study will be completed .
4 . Identify Causes and Consequences The HAZOP study team must identify and document a node ’ s potential causes and effects based on the selected parameter and deviation . Teams are required to construct a scenario based on the identified possible causes and consequences of these deviations and the reasons why these deviations may occur , including hardware malfunctions and unanticipated process states ( e . g ., composition change , inadvertently closed valve ).
5 . Identify Protection , Detection , and Indicating Safeguard The HAZOP study team is responsible for identifying and documenting existing safeguards . The safeguards may exist within or without the node ( upstream or downstream ). Safeguards must be able to address both causes and effects — process alarms , interlocks , and procedures are examples of engineering systems or administrative controls meant to prevent the causes or reduce the impacts of deviations .
6 . Identify Possible Remedial / Mitigating Safeguard The team does an implicit risk assessment based on the cause , consequences , and safeguards of the scenario . If the team decides that the risk is not acceptable or can be lowered under the principle of ALARP ( As Low As Reasonably Practicable ), then the team can state additional measures to either eliminate the scenario cause or reduce the consequences .
7 . Agree on Actions or Recommendations Based on the study results , develop recommendations for preventing or controlling the identified hazards and operability issues . This could include changes to system design , operating
20 VOL 96 OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2023