Ingenieur Vol 80 ingenieur 2019 octoberfinal | Page 75

technology include recording and storing bookings, aircraft parts census and spares tracking. Blockchain transparency and immutability are also believed to be potential key assets in efficiently dealing with an ever-growing passenger flow – notably for passport and visa controls – eventually putting an end to manual verification. Biometrics In 2019, the biometric realm in airports is becoming a reality, heralding a future of artificial intelligence in aviation. There have been multiple trials of face-recognition technology and early adoption has started in airports from Narita to Athens, and from London to NYC and the main Chinese cities. Alternative approaches using palm-vein identification (South Korea) are also part of this trend. The principal objective is to decongest security lines and controls, putting the key functionalities at the boarding gates. Less manned work is required, which expedites boarding processes and leads to shorter queues – these are the key elements pushing airports to invest in these new technologies. Secure by Design Continued growth in passenger traffic and the ‘Amazon effect’ on logistics is driving the adoption of more autonomous, artificial intelligence-based aviation solutions, enhancing airport security- screening operations. Increasing reliance on seamless security processes at airports and the digitisation of traveller authorisations is susceptible to high-impact incidents (affecting security and business continuity) if the networks hosting these digitised solutions were to be breached. Up in the Cloud The “cloudification” of business processes to streamline efficiencies, reduce upfront capital investments and offer elasticity to adapt to passenger flows (seasonal passenger demand because of special events such as Olympic Games, New Year, pilgrimages, etc) is increasingly being considered by airports and airline companies. Modernising legacy IT infrastructures is one of the main drivers, closely followed by private investors taking ownership of public airports and looking to generate revenues more quickly with minimal ‟ In 2019, the biometric realm in airports is becoming a reality, heralding a future of artificial intelligence in aviation. investments. More specific applications are also expected to become cloud-hosted, such as control rooms to improve efficiencies in communications and co-ordination. The unknown-unmanned threat Managing operational disruptions that impact business continuity and revenue generation is a key focus for both airports and airlines. With the adoption of new technologies, stakeholders have improved their responses to such disruptions. However, the rapid evolution and penetration of off-the-shelf unmanned technologies, such as drones, is posing a significant challenge. The remote nature of the disruption makes the perpetrator ‘unknown’, adding to the complexity of the threat. Improving air-traffic control Traffic growth is pushing air-traffic control infrastructure and capacity further towards their limits and is becoming a big challenge in an already incredibly congested airspace, reinforced by the technical complexity of integrating unmanned aircraft systems into civilian airspace. Destination Green Aircraft are becoming greener, with biofuels being tested, lighter airframe components and trials taking place on the ground to reduce the carbon footprint when aircraft are taxiing. Encouraging results are leading to further experiments, albeit with heavy costs. Low fuel prices have for some time discouraged green investments in aviation, but low dollar-priced oil will not last forever. Experts predict a near-term price increase that will eventually have an impact on travel fares. In the meantime, additional carbon-footprint taxes are in consideration. 73