Ingenieur Vol 80 ingenieur 2019 octoberfinal | Page 73

g. h. i. j. k. environment on an airplane changes the way food or drink tastes. About one in five people have some form of fear of flying, or “aviophobia.” The risk of being killed in a plane crash for the average American is one in 11 million. The risk of being killed in a car accident is one in 5,000. Research shows that the first three minutes after takeoff and the final eight minutes before landing are when 80% of plane crashes happen. Police arrested a woman and her daughter when they tried to smuggle the woman’s dead husband in a wheelchair onto a plane. They had covered his eyes with sunglasses and told authorities he was just sleeping. If you sit at the back of an airplane, your odds of surviving a crash are 40% higher. Employment in the Aviation Industry (Source: AVIATION Benefits Beyond Borders) The aviation industry supports 65.5 million jobs around the world, either directly within the industry or supported through the industry’s supply chain, employees’ spending and through the aviation- enabled tourism sector. 10.2 million direct jobs Around 10.2 million people work in the aviation industry directly. These jobs are: ● Airport operators: 525,000 (work for the airport operator) ● Other airport-based roles: 5.6 million (retail, car rental, customs and immigration, freight forwarders and catering) ● Airlines: 2.7 million (flight and cabin crews, executives, ground services, check-in, training, maintenance staff) ● Civil aerospace: 1.2 million (engineers and designers of civil aircraft, engines and components) ● Air navigation service providers: 233,000 (air traffic controllers, executives) These jobs are, on average, 4.4 times more productive than average jobs in the economy. 10.8 million indirect jobs Over 10.8 million jobs globally are supported by aviation indirectly, through the air transport industry’s purchase of goods and services. These include suppliers to the air transport industry, for example fuel suppliers, construction companies, suppliers of aircraft components, manufacturers of goods sold in airports, and a variety of business support roles, like call centres, IT and accountancy. 7.8 million induced jobs Air transport industry employees (direct and indirect) support 7.8 million induced jobs globally, using their income to purchase goods and services for themselves. Their spending power supports jobs in retail, consumer goods, and a range of service industries such as banks and restaurants. 36.7 million jobs in tourism Tourism is fast becoming the world’s largest industry, and air transport plays a vital role. Conservative estimates suggest that aviation supports 36.7 million jobs within tourism. Adding Value to the Economy (Source: AVIATION Benefits Beyond Borders) The aviation industry connects the world in a unique way, adding immense value to the global economy. It supports USD2.7 trillion in world economic activity (3.6% of global gross domestic product (or GDP). This section provides a global picture of economic activity supported by aviation. USD704.4 billion direct GDP The world’s airlines carry over four billion passengers a year and nearly 62 million tonnes of freight. Providing these services creates 10.2 million direct jobs and contributes USD704.4 billion to global GDP. The global air transport industry is larger than both the automobile manufacturing sector and the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry by GDP. In fact, if air transport were a country, its GDP would rank 20 th in the world, similar to that of Switzerland or Argentina. 71