Ingenieur Vol 80 ingenieur 2019 octoberfinal | Page 54

INGENIEUR Airbus and Boeing are forecasting that more than 40,000 new aircraft will be needed by 2037 and out of that, 16,000 aircraft are to be delivered to the Asia Pacific region. Boeing, meanwhile, predicts that the value of the approximately 41,000 planes that will be delivered worldwide within the same period of time will be worth around USD5 trillion - while the demand for services to support this fleet will be worth around USD8.5 trillion. Out of the total, 4,000 new aircraft are to be delivered to the Southeast Asia region by 2037. The International Board for Research into Aircraft Crash Events (IBRACE) (Source: Wikipedia) The International Board for Research into Aircraft Crash Events was founded on November 21, 2016 by a group of subject-matter experts in aviation (cabin safety and accident/incident investigation), engineering (sled-impact testing, aerospace materials, lightweight advanced- composite structures, and air transport safety and investigation), clinical medicine (specifically, orthopaedic trauma surgery and anaesthesia), and human factors. IBRACE is a joint co-operation between these experts for the purpose of producing an internationally agreed, evidence-based set of impact bracing positions for passengers and (eventually) cabin crew members in a variety of seating configurations, which will be submitted to the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) through its Cabin Safety Group (ICSG). IBRACE is still supported by the ICAO Cabin Safety Group. International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Airport Codes (Source: ICAO) The ICAO airport code or location indicator is a four- letter code designating aerodromes around the world. These codes, as defined by the International Civil Aviation Organisation and published in ICAO Document 7910: Location Indicators, are used by air traffic control and airline operations such as flight planning. 6 52 VOL 2019 VOL 80 55 OCTOBER-DECEMBER JUNE 2013 ICAO codes are also used to identify other aviation facilities such as weather stations, International Flight Service Stations or Area Control Centers, and whether or not they are located at airports. Flight information regions are also identified by a unique ICAO code. ICAO codes vs IATA codes ICAO codes are separate and different from International Air Transport Association (IATA) codes, which are generally used for airline timetables, reservations, and baggage tags. For example, the IATA code for London’s Heathrow Airport is LHR and its ICAO code is EGLL. ICAO codes are commonly seen by passengers and the general public on flight-tracking services such as FlightAware, but passengers will more often see the IATA codes, such as on their tickets and their luggage tags. In general IATA codes are usually derived from the name of the airport or the city it serves, while ICAO codes are distributed by region and country. Far more aerodromes (in the broad sense) have ICAO codes than IATA codes, which are sometimes assigned to railway stations as well. How the International Civil Aviation Organisation Develops Standards (Source: ICAO) The establishment and maintenance of international Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs), as well as Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS), are fundamental tenets of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention) and a core aspect of ICAO’s mission and role. SARPs and PANS are critical to ICAO Member States and other stakeholders, given that they provide the fundamental basis for harmonised global aviation safety and efficiency in the air and on the ground, the worldwide standardisation of functional and performance requirements of air navigation facilities and services, and the orderly development of air transport. Today, ICAO manages over 12,000 SARPs across the 19 Annexes and five PANS to the Convention, many of which are constantly