INGENIEUR
INGENIEUR
● On-going urbanisation in China should drive a rising demand for natural gas in people’ s daily lives( e. g. home heating). High cost and policy uncertainty are the major obstacles for large-scale gas consumption.
● Cost should not be an obstacle for solar energy development. The price of solar energy has significantly dropped in the past ten years. The price in 2006 was six times today’ s level, and it should increase market competitiveness through another 50 % cost reduction by 2026.
Mr. Han Wenke, Professor of the Energy Research Institute of National Development and Reform Commission( NDRC), noted that technological innovation usually requires a huge amount of investment at high risk, which may be a deterrent. At the state level, an inclusive roadmap to encourage innovation led by various stakeholders is a more practical approach. In this case, China will focus on clean coal, energy efficiency, renewable energy, and nuclear development.
INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ALLIANCE
The International Solar Alliance( ISA) is an alliance of more than 121 countries, most of them being sunshine countries, which lie either completely or partly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The primary objective of the alliance is to work for efficient exploitation of solar energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The alliance is a treaty-based inter- Governmental organisation. Countries that do not fall within the Tropics can join the ISA and enjoy all benefits as other members, with the exception of voting rights.
The focus is on solar power utilisation. The launching of such an alliance in Paris also sends a strong signal to the global communities about the sincerity of the developing nations towards their concern about climate change and to switch to a low-carbon growth path. India has pledged a target of installing 100GW by 2022 and reduction in emission intensity by 33 – 35 % by 2030 to let solar energy reach the most unconnected villages and communities and also towards creating a clean planet.
The area of Earth located in between the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn is called the tropical( torrid) zone. The points on the Tropic of Cancer are the northernmost points up to which the Sun can pass directly overhead. Similarly, the southernmost points are on the Tropic of Capricorn which follow the same criteria. Location at the north of the Tropic of Cancer shows the Sun appearing at the south of the zenith. The sunniest countries of the world are on the African continent, ranging from Somalia- Horn of Africa, east to Niger, west and north to Egypt.
On June 30, 2016, the alliance entered into an understanding with the World Bank for accelerating mobilisation of finances for solar energy. The Bank will have a major role in mobilising more than US $ 1000 billion in investments that will be needed by 2030, to meet ISA’ s goals for the massive deployment of affordable solar energy. To date 48 countries have signed and 19 countries have ratified the Framework Agreement of the ISA. With ratifications by 15 countries, the ISA will become a treaty based inter-Governmental international organisation and it will be legally recognised by the UN to become fully functionable.
INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY ALLIANCE
International Renewable Energy Alliance is a formal partnership entered into on June 4, 2004 by five international, non-profit, renewable energy organisations:
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International Hydropower Association( IHA),
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International Solar Energy Society( ISES),
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International Geothermal Association( IGA),
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World Wind Energy Association( WWEA),
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World Bioenergy Association( WBA).( Since June 2009)
They represent the hydro, geothermal, solar, and wind power / energy and bioenergy sectors. The alliance provides a unified cross-sectoral voice on renewable energy in the international and regional energy fora and media.
Climate change concerns, coupled with high oil prices, peak oil, and increasing Government support, are increasingly driving renewable energy legislation, incentives and commercialisation. As of 2011, 119 countries have some form of national renewable energy policy target or renewable support policy. National targets now
76 VOL 75 JULY-SEPTEMBER 2018