Ingenieur Vol 73 ingenieur Jan-March 2018 | Page 81

understanding of the current scenario. In 2015, around 33% of fatal road accidents happened on federal roads and about 4,435 fatal accidents happened on straight roads (PDRM Road Accident Statistics Report). 381 fatal road accidents occurred due to zero or insufficient street lighting, 124 cases due to slippery roads and 101 accidents happened due to pot holes in the roads. The 2015 statistics of drivers/riders involved in fatal road crashes by type of faults indicate that around 444 of them were speeding while driving or riding and another 448 of them made dangerous turnings before the crashes happened. An increase in average speed is directly related to the probability of an accident occurring and to the severity of the consequences of the crash. WHO reported that from a young age, males are more likely to be involved in road accidents than females (WHO Factsheet). About 73% of all road traffic deaths occurred among men, worldwide. Among young drivers, young males under the age of 25 years are almost three times as likely to be killed in a car accident as young females. In Malaysia, road transport ranked third for cause of death among men. In 2015, a total of 12,435 male drivers/riders were involved in fatal road crashes while only 1,301 female drivers/ riders were involved in such cases. According to age groups, drivers/riders aged between 15-25 years old are the largest group that were involved in fatal accidents (3,725 accidents). and encourages a market for safer vehicles. This programme has received support from many agencies and car manufacturers. Apart from this, accident investigation is also one of the efforts taken to reduce road accidents. From investigations, various suggestions and improvements will be made. In addition, Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) industrial code of practice elements were introduced to improve commercial bus operators’ safety. For road intervention, the International Road Assessment Programme has been developed to upgrade the safety of the road environment in low and middle income countries in order to reduce the number of global deaths. Besides that, the Automated Enforcement System (AES) for speeding and running of red lights was installed to reduce road accidents. In addition, OPS Selamat has been carried out twice a year during Chinese New Year and Hari Raya in recent years. MIROS estimated that the road deaths in Malaysia will reach a total of 10,716 in 2020 if the same approach continues (Rohayu et al., 2012). Thus, a new strategy which involves all other sectors including transport, police, road authorities, education and health needs to be planned. Road Safety Initiatives Road Transport Department, Malaysia. Throughout the years, numerous road safety activities were carried out in order to improve road safety levels in this country. The activities were designed to cover the three important components of road safety: roads, vehicles and humans. In terms of human behaviour, Road Safety Education was one of the programmes implemented to expose school children to road safety information. Besides that, road safety information was also broadcast through television, radio and websites. In terms of improving vehicles, various interventions have been conducted. One of the most impactful is the New Car Assessment Programme (NCAP). This evaluates vehicle safety standards, raises consumer awareness REFERENCE Royal Malaysia Police. (2015). Road Accident Statistical Report, Various Issues. Police Traffic Department, Malaysia. Department of Statistics (2015). Malaysian P o p u l a t i o n . h t t p s : //w w w. d o s m . g o v. my/ v 1 / i n d e x . p h p ? r = c o l u m n /c o n e & m e n u _ id=dDM2enNvM09oTGtQemZPVzRTWENmZz09 Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia (2016). Siaran Akhbar: Perangkaan Sebab Kematian, Malaysia, 2014. Pejabat Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. World Health Organisation. http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/ Rohayu S, Sharifah Allyana SMR, Jamilah MM & SV Wong (2012), Predicting Malaysian Road Fatalities for Year 2020, MRR 06/2012, Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research. 79