Figure 3: Radio Frequency Identification tag readers are fitted on
gantries over the roadway that enables Open Road Tolling on an
expressway in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Camera systems are also
commonly employed for surveillance and enforcement. (Source:
Miami-Dade Expressway Authority Official Website, http://www.
mdxort.com/)
Figure 4: The Tokyo Traffic Control Centre ensures smooth traffic
operations throughout Tokyo Metropolis around the clock. The centre
also has the capability to handle unusual situations such as big
events and disasters. (Source: http://www.shifteast.com/inside-thetokyo-traffic-control-center/
methodology of video image
processing (VIP) through video
detector and automatic vehicle
identification (AVI) tag reader
by radio frequency identification
(RFID) was employed. RFID is
commonly used for Electronic
Toll Collection (ETC) system
whereby vehicles are fitted
with transponders that are
electronically debited when
passing through tag readers
on a tolled road. Owing to its
high speed detection rate, RFID
enables Open Road Tolling (ORT)
environment or Multi-Lane Free
Flow (MLFF) where the tag readers
are fitted on gantries over the
roadways, thus eliminating the
need of toll booths and enabling
toll payment while vehicles pass
through near highway speed
(Figure 3). This eliminates the
safety risk of vehicles weaving to
get to their desired lanes at toll
plazas.
Tokyo Traffic Control Centre
Rather than for toll collection,
the RFID technology used for the
AVI in Hong Kong captures the
vehicle identification information
and time stamps of vehicles
passing subsequent tag readers
to compute the average speed
and journey time. The detection
method employed is just one
example of a myriad of ways
traffic data