BATTERY POWER UNDERGROUND n Upstream overcurrent and lockout disconnect protection.
Rich Zajkowski, Energy Storage Safety & Compliance Engineer with GE Transportation provides the following useful definitions:
Cell: basic functional unit, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals and usually separators that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of chemical energy
Electrolyte: liquid or solid substance containing mobile ions which render it ionically conductive
Lithium Metal Cell: cell containing a nonaqueous electrolyte and a negative electrode of lithium or containing lithium
Lithium Ion Cell: secondary cell with an organic solvent electrolyte and positive and negative electrodes which use an intercalation compound in which lithium is stored. NB: A lithium ion battery does not contain lithium metal
Battery; one or more cells fitted with devices necessary for use, for example case, terminals, marking and protective device
Battery System: Battery plus enclosure, battery management system, thermal management system and connections to BEV and battery charger.
Selecting a Li-ion cell chemistry should consider: n Power rating( W) n Energy rating( Whr) n Safety characteristics n Minimum recharge time n Operating environment n Cycle life n Cost.
Zajkowski explains that a battery management system is a system that monitors individual or groupings of cells, ensures cells operate in their safe zone and balances charge levels of individual cells. It should measure, monitor & communicate: n Cell voltages, currents and temperatures n Energy consumed by the vehicle n System state of charge( SOC) n System depth of discharge( DOD) n Overall battery health and capacity.
Conklin used this slide to illustrate that more power to the wheels = better efficiency
Looking further forward
Matthew Conklin, Chief Mining Engineer of the trans4mine group, Sandvik Mining and Rock Technology, presented some“ other possible next generation BEV opportunities” to the GMSG workshop: n New battery technology n Induction charging n Incorporate pantograph use( automated offboard charging) n Ultra fast charging n Trolley assist( onboard charging in motion) n Hybrid / battery electric.
Much more can be researched via the GSMG and the CMIC( Canada Mining Innovation Council) websites. IM
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