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GROUND SUPPORT The Geobrugg MESHA™ mounted on a jumbo boom picks up the roll of mesh and makes the bolts at the same time unrolling process. No personnel are exposed to unsupported ground, due to the ability of the jumbo to pick up the mesh roll cassette with the manipulator arm. During a trial at South Deep in South Africa, the MESHA™ seemed to be more effective than conventional meshing and there was no damage noted to the MINAX ® G80/3 mesh after blasting. Additionally, with the use of high tensile-strength meshes, the rock face remains visible for inspection. Geobrugg concludes: “After successful laboratory testing of high-tensile chain link mesh under both static and dynamic conditions, it was shown that this kind of mesh is suitable for ground support in potential rockburst areas. In contrast to shotcrete, the rock remains visible for inspection by the geotechnical personnel. Due to the use of the MESHA™ installation device, this light but strong mesh can be installed in a fully mechanised way. To achieve an increase in performance overall, it is necessary to improve on the factors that had a major impact on the lost time, such as failures associated with the mechanical and the grouting systems and other associated factors, such as lack of water, which are more logistical issues. Improvement of the factors causing delay will make the automatised application method of the mesh using the MESHA™ system, an efficient and safe tool.” The company adds: “It can be concluded that both the high-tensile chain link mesh and its fully mechanised installation can increase the safety of mining personnel, the quality of the installed ground support, and the performance, due to a reduction in personnel and increasing the speed of mining development.” serviced from Jennmar’s new Kalgoorlie facility. Jennmar states: “The welcome addition of the Gold Fields business recognises the hard work and commitment of our technical and service personnel and brings growth and new opportunity to our Perth facility.” In March 2017 Jennmar also commenced distribution from its new depot in Kalgoorlie. “This new facility will warehouse and supply the complete range of Jennmar products and will enable us to meet the requirements of our important goldfields customers.” Hand and arm injuries account for the largest percentage of safety incidences in all industries nationwide in Australia and the potential for these injuries has been further engineered out at Jennmar Australia. In December 2016, Jennmar commissioned an automated feed system and packing robot for the 600 t plate press at its Smeaton Grange manufacturing plant. This new equipment will remove 100% of the manual handling associated with the manufacture and packing of its heavy cable bolt plates. In December 2016, Jennmar commissioned an automated feed system and packing robot for the 600 t plate press at its Smeaton Grange manufacturing plant Normet on re-entry Growth at Jennmar Australia Jennmar has commenced supply of ground support solutions to its newest Australian custo mer, Gold Fields, from March 2017. The Gold Fields business includes four minesites located in Western Australia and will be supplied and 64 International Mining | AUGUST 2017 The threshold for re-entry into a shotcreted heading has reduced over the last 20-30 years to a generalised 1–2 MPa of compressive strength, a key performance indicator of shotcrete toughness. In a paper entitled Shotcrete: early strength and re-entry revisited – practices and technology, Mike Rispin, Senior Vice President – Global Sales and Marketing at Normet Group states: “The early, past norm for re-entry into a shotcreted heading was in the 8–18 hr range. The standard was very conservative, by today’s measures, and reflective of the immaturity of understanding of the method’s performance characteristics. As the parameters of shotcrete became more wisely understood, the re-entry time for standard shotcreted headings moved in many mines to eight hours. That standard moved lower to four hours and eventually two hours. This progression came as the result of a combination of ground support theory and empirical progressions, and included a maturation of concrete strength development measurement methods.” Ultimately, it is the mine’s ground control engineer who will determine what compressive strength is required to provide a safe re-entry time policy for the mine based on anticipated and observed ground conditions. “This compressive strength is a key performance indicator of the shotcrete’s toughness, and its ability to resist falls of ground due to various failure mechanisms. Today, the industry norm for re- entry under ‘typical’ ground conditions (if such a thing can exist in such a globally diverse industry) is the assurance of reaching 1 MPa compressive strength. This is a standard that was being strived for some 15 years ago and is in more widespread application today. Today, this threshold is typically reached within 30–120 min, depending on many factors including concrete raw material selection, mix design (including the important water/cementitious ratio), spraying equipment selection and application technique, and temperature.” Technology has been a major driver in the ability of shotcrete to develop that critical early strength without impinging on its ultimate strength, or the continuous rate of strength development. “Correspondingly, achieving the ‘best’ early strength is not a safety or performance success unless the shotcrete maintains a steady strength development without enduring a dormant period, and without sacrificing final performance which is needed in the long-term.” Recent technology advancements have and continue to contribute to ever earlier, safe re- entries: n HCA + dormant secondary accelerator in the mix giving superior results at very early age. n Accelerators which can handle the challenges of blended cements. n Emergence of alternate fibre materials like basalt. n Collecting data automatically from the sprayed concrete operation. Future developments for shotcrete such as low