IIC Journal of Innovation 5th Edition | Page 24

Edge Intelligence: The Central Cloud is Dead – Long Live the Edge Cloud! providing value-adding services and industry-specific solutions, not on navigating different platforms. generated and models refined offline. Once refined, the models can be loaded at the sensor level. There are clear advantages to this approach: Machine Learning  Many applications of machine learning exist today, and the number is growing rapidly. There are four types of machine learning:      supervised learning (also called inductive learning): training data includes ‘all’ desired outputs; unsupervised learning: training data does not include desired outputs; an example is clustering; semi-supervised learning: training data includes a few desired outputs; Reinforcement learning: rewards result from a sequence of actions; this appeals to AI practitioners, it is the most ambitious type of learning. Supervised learning is the most mature, studied and by machine learning algorithms. Its popularity stems from the fact that learning with supervision is much easier than learning without supervision.  Core software updates are reduced – rules and operating code are separated and updates are limited to models only; Security is enhanced, an AI model or neural network is replacing a traditional rules based approach. So when this code is machine generated from a model (or decisions are implemented directly from the model) it is much harder to hack. The hacking problem becomes how to bias the data input to the model to try and “nudge” it’s results to duplicate the incorrect behavior you wish to create instead of changing or intercepting the code. And when the model changes then the hacker has to start from scratch again. Model comparison can be performed at the CPU level, if the hardware supports it. Network Evolution In the domain of Core Networks, by adopting the paradigm to deploy network functions (NF) as programs on top of common off-the- shelf hardware, the main focus of the technology completely shifted towards the dynamicity offered by software programs, resulting in software networks. Being the most customizable form of control, software programs represent the full convergence between the telecom and IT industries unleashing new forms of innovation. The next step beyond machine learning involves a complementary area called artificial intelligence (AI), which leans more on methods such as neural networks and natural language processing that seek to mimic the operation of the human brain. The advantages of any supervised learning for IoT applications are clear – for sensor applications (including audio and video), the training data can be - 22 - September 2017