IIC Journal of Innovation 12th Edition | Page 17

Digital Twin + Industrial Internet for Smart Manufacturing: A Case Study in the Steel Industry Figure 1: Closed loops of optimization enabled by data, analytic models and applications Therefore, the industrial internet is more than just connecting to the industrial assets. It is about building on that connectivity to collect data and apply data analytics to gain insights and transform these insights into actions that are applied to the individual machines, the operations of fleets of machines and to the business processes— ultimately to bring intelligence in the overall end-to-end business processes to achieve optimal business outcomes. It may not be an over-simplification to say that the core elements in the application of the industrial internet are data, analytics and applications that form closed feedback loops to enable smart and optimal operations. Here, applications refer to the software that incorporates the business logics which transform the insights from data analytics into actions. This data-driven closed-loop optimization can in fact be implemented in multiple loops, as shown in Figure 1. The control loop optimizes the operation of individual equipment with a response near real time in the milliseconds to ensure the equipment is operating—and doing so efficiently for higher output at lower cost (e.g. in energy). The operation loop optimizes the operation of a fleet of equipment (e.g. across a production line, or even across production processes) with a response time ranging from seconds to hours to seek balanced and efficient operations. The business loop optimizes business operations in a response time ranging from hours to weeks to seek to maximize value-creation by cross-domain (e.g. equipment maintenance, process management, energy management, quality management, etc.), multi-factor (e.g. cost, - 12 - November 2019