The Journal by plaque compared to saliva . Southard et al
4
( 1987 ) assessed the effect of Sanguinaria extract and zinc chloride on plaque growth and gingivitis inhibition using a series of oral rinses and found that the Sanguinarine mouth rinse has at most only a limited role as a plaque inhibitor when compared to chlorhexidine oral
5 rinse . Polson et al compared sub-gingivally delivered biodegradable drug delivery system containing either 10 % Doxycycline hyclate and 5 % sanguirium chloride . Results of this study indicate that 10 % Doxycycline hyclate delivered in a biodegradable delivery system is an effective means of reducing the clinical signs of adult Periodontitis and exhibits a benign safety profile when compared to sanguinarium chloride .
T E A T R E E O I L ( M E L A L E U C A ALTERNIFOLIA ).
7
Hammer et al6 and Eva et al in separate studies investigated the in vitro susceptibility of a wide range of oral bacteria to tea tree oil . Mean inhibitory concentration ( MBC ) ranged from 0.003 to 2.0 %, and 0.0293 % to 1.25 %, respectively . In a comparative study Groppo FC et al8evaluated the anti microbial activity of tea tree oil , garlic and chlorhexidine against oral microorganisms . Chlorhexidine and garlic group showed antimicrobial activity against mutans streptococci , but not against other oral microorganisms . The tea tree oil group showed anti microbial activity against Streptococci mutans and other oral microorganisms . Hence they concluded that garlic and tea tree oil might be an alternative to chlorhexidine .
NEEM ( AZZADIRACTA INDICA )
Studies on the effect of neem stick extract on invitro plaque formation reveal that neem stick extract or gallotannin-enriched extract from neem stick inhibited insoluble glucan synthesis .
Incubation of oral streptococci with the neem stick extract resulted in a microscopically observable bacterial aggregation . These data suggest that Neem stick extract can reduce the ability of some streptococci to colonize tooth
9
surfaces . Data suggested that chewing stick extracts are effective at 50 % concentration on streptococcus mutans and sreptooccus
10
faecalis . A six week clinical study evaluated the efficacy of neem extract gel with commercially available chlorhexidinegluconate ( 0.2 % w / v ) mouthwash . The results of the study suggested that the dental gel containing neem extract significantly reduce the plaque index and
11
bacterial count than that of control group . In a comparative study of indigenous neem mouthwash and chlorhexidine , while streptococcus mutans was inhibited by neem mouthwashes , with or without alcohol as well as chlorhexidine , lactobacillus growth was
12 inhibited by chlorhexidine alone . MANGO LEAF ( MANGIFERA INDICA )
Mango leaves contain mangiferin and certain anthocyanins which are known to possess some anti-bacterial activity . Mangiferrin was shown to be effective against Streptococci , Staphylococci , Pneumococci and lactobacillus acidophilus , organisms that are commonly found in the mouth . In a comparative study of the cleaning efficiency of mango leaf with other devices like toothpaste , tooth powder , coconut outer sheath , babul twig and almond shell carbon , it was concluded that among the natural means tested , the mango leaf easily proves to be the better in eliminating a great number of microorganisms of the mouth than the more
13
popular babul twig . Anti-bacterial activity of mangiferin was found more in the concentration of 50μg , 25μg and 12.5μg disc potency . The results of their study showed that it is effective against Streptococci , Staphylococci , Pneumococci and lactobacillus acidophilus , organisms that are commonly found in the
14
mouth . In a study comparing the plaque reducing property of mangiferin with a
23 22 3 21 10 Vol . 12 13 No . 23 1 May-August Sept-Dec Jan-April 2016 2017