descent. As per the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy, black denotes almost always imperfections and / or absences: an object whose surface does not reflect any visible radiation, the absence of any color, or whatever lacking of the corresponding whiteness. As an adjective, black becomes always negative: extremely sad and melancholic; unhappy, unlucky or unfortunate, very dirty. It is also associated with the clandestine and illegal world— black( evil) magic, black( crime) novel— and even with the bad luck: going through dark times. The only positive definition is as term of affection or, at best, as reference to a person with dark skin color. In the latter regard, several social representations circulate as a cultural product from the vision that the West has built about the subject. Argentina is a good example. The assumption is the ontological superiority imposed over Africa by the Western civilization, which colonized America(: 2003, 25; Picotti: Solomianski 1998, 17). The prejudices about congenital ability are repeated to condense the irrational image made from about three thousand years ago( Iniesta: 2009, 11, 15). Contemporary works point to two stereotypes about the image of the black people: a childish and joyful person, or a bestial and savage one, less than human( Frigerio: 2000, 76). The two representations intersect and are a historical product dating back to the Greco-Roman world. The compendium of negative characterizations from the past led to think black people as irrational inhabitants of societies without history, as German philosopher Hegel reasoned. In the nineteenth century, an evolutionary scale was constructed with blacks occupying the lowest rungs in the diversity of human races. Even the infamous Middle Passage reached the paroxysm of denying the humanity of enslaved Africans for more than three centuries. In the eighteenthcentury, no " civilized " person from the West disagreed on the inferiority of the black, pushed to a peripheral place( Iniesta, 2009: 16-17; Picotti, 1998: 18). Black people are associated to the image of Africa and the Africans. The Western media present the continent and its people in a reductionist and distorted manner to perpetuate the acritical thinking about Otherness. This negative burden explains why people of African descent are still silenced and / or discriminated in America. In most cases, the word black functions as a remembrance and identity marker of the slave past with a negative burden due to centuries of slave trade. And Africans are treated as if they were children or bloodthirsty primitive barbarians. African blacks appear as disabled persons, simple beggars who will be always seeking help from the West and showing just a very limited rationality( Iniesta: 2009, 11, 18, 20, 32). This very negative burden is suffered by their descendants on the other side of the Atlantic.
Toward Peronism and at its very first time Despite the attempts to reclaim African blackness— by movements like Negritude and Pan-Africanism— and the fact that some communities and individuals used blackness as identity reference, the largely negative burden makes it not surprising the mentioned western representation in Argentina since the middle of the last century to the present. In 1930, the Great Depression opened a new stage in Argentine history, marked by far-reaching changes that broke the model of sustained development from external growth based on the primary sector and agricultural exports. In the new critical juncture, the economic model of import substitution industrialization( ISI) or " easy import substitution "( Rapoport: 2010, 173) came into effect and extended to the 1940s. Among the many consequences of this change, the stagnation of the agricultural activities provoked an internal migration to urban centers for about 20 years. For building itself, Peronism will take advantage of this human contingent of newcomers to Buenos Aires( Romero, 2012: 86). The social and political atmosphere was rarefied by authoritarian and antidemocratic tendencies. The debut of the military in politics occurred in September 1930. The Infamous Decade began as an experiment of restricted democracy using patriotic fraud, after the overthrow of the radical president Hipolito Yrigoyen. After having enjoyed some improvement
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