IDENTIDADES 1 ENGLISH IDENTIDADES 9 ENGLISH | Page 67

their daughters and uttered expressions like:
"What can you tell, black woman! Who told
you can talk? Black people do not exist
here!" After 97 days, she was released in
Campo de Mayo (Buenos Aires). Nothing
had happened to her daughters. She
professed an Africanist faith learned of
Afro-Uruguayan emigrants, and went to a
temple in San Miguel (Buenos Aires). In
1978 her sister Mirta Graciela was arrested,
because " for the Soccer World Cup there
should be neither blacks nor Bolivians nor
prostitutes on the street; the latter should be
free of blacks." She found her sister in the
Police Department and just there she was
arrested again, despite being pregnant. Two
brothers-in-law of her husband, who were
members of the Air Force, rescued her 20
days later. They told her husband: "Try to
prevent her from going outside; keep her
indoors, because every time they see her,
she will be arrested simply because she is
black. You should have looked for a better
woman." Today she works at the National
Institute
Against
Discrimination,
Xenophobia and Racism (INADI) and is a
mãe at an Africanist temple. Since a decade
ago, she is director of the African Roots
Integrative Black Organization (ONIRA).
A4. Mirta Graciela Izquierdo. Buenos
Aires, September 30, 1958. Oral sources:
TC 216. Interview with Adriana Izquierdo
(59). Buenos Aires, January 20, 2015.
Written sources: None. See A3 (Sister).
She was arrested a month earlier and
released a month after the Soccer World
Cup (1978) by order of Astiz. She was
under arrest 90 days in two unknown
places. One should have been near the
River Plate Stadium, because she could
listen to the celebrations of the goals. She
was raped and burnt with cigarettes. As in
the second arrest of his sister Adriana, the
reason was cleaning up the city of blacks to
improve the image of Europeanism in the
face of tourism.
B. Detention followed by exile
B1. Enrique Elias Nadal. Buenos Aires,
September, 5, 1935 - December 26, 2008.
Oral sources: Informal conversations and emails with his first wife, Susana Haydee
Salzamendi, in 2013 and 2014. Written
sources: Anonymous, 1977; Ini, 1990;
Cheren, 1993; Ortelli, 2009.

At age 9, his mother left him at the foster
home Colonia Ricardo Gutiérrez (Marcos
Paz, Buenos Aires) and he grew up on the
basis of abuse. He worked in the
Deliberative Council. At age 26, he started
high school and met his first wife, Susana
Haydee Salzamendi, who worked for the
visual artist Pérez Celis and had links with
Di Tella Institute and the rising atmosphere
of the national rock. Committed to
militancy at the University of Buenos Aires,
where
she
studied
anthropology,
Salzamendi called his attention to the
Cuban revolution to the extreme that they
named their son Fidel Ernesto [from Fidel
Castro and Ernesto Che Guevara,
respectively]. He studied filmography at the
National University of La Plata, and
fleetingly worked in cinema and theater. He
separated from Susana and had another son,
Almícar, with some Viviana. In 1973, he
stayed for several weeks at the Devoto
Prison. He was arrested again on March 22,
1976, at his home in Caballito
neighborhood. After passing through
several police stations and prisons, he was
released in April 1977.
Thanks to Amnesty International, he went
into exile via Brazil to Stockholm, where
her daughter Camila was born. He returned
in 1985 and the following year he founded
the Latin American Argentine Committee
Against Apartheid and Occupation of
Namibia by South Africa. Its headquarters
were in 1785Avenida Corrientes. He
supported the South West Africa People's
Organization (SWAPO) and published the
magazine Soweto Reports. His struggle
against dictatorship and apartheid has links
that did not emerge prima facie. After the
ascent of Mandela in 1994, the Menem
administration restored diplomatic relations
with South Africa, which had been broken
by Alfonsin in 1986. However, Nadal
criticized the joint military exercises
because "every soldier who falls from grace
has South Africa as first escape route.
Thusly, it has served as refuge for the
killers of Trelew, ESMA’s Director Rubén
Chamorro, Astiz, [Albano] Harguinedguy
and many other Argentine military. One of
our tasks is to denounce all this "(Cheren,
1993: 4).
Nadal participated in the Afro events that
timidly began, as the First Continental
Seminar on Racism and Xenophobia

66