Firstly the defense was successful , but the resistance was overshadowed by the betrayal of a Chinese citizen . Defeated in the battle , Catalina resorted to a ruse suicide : poisoning the invaders with a beverage known as chicha . To avoid the suspicions , she was imperturbable and serene while drinking the chicha , actually mixed with poisonous fruit , and said with haughty voice to the Chilean : " Sirs , that ’ s for your glory ." She drank it calmly , wiped the peak , and handed the vessel to the enemy soldiers .
• Maria Elena Moyano Delgado was a community and feminist leader assassinated by the terrorist group Shining Path . On February 15 , 1992 , she was shot to death and then was declared " Mother Courage ". She is the latest Afro-Peruvian woman declared a National Heroine 6 by resolution of the Congress on May 23 , 2002 . In 1983 she founded the Mothers Club Micaela Bastidas and two years later , the Popular Federation of Women at El Salvador Village . In 1987 she received the Prince of Asturias Award together with Mayor Michael Azcueta . She became Lieutenant Mayor and worked on campaigns for empowering , providing a glass of milk daily , and setting up charity canteens through self-management .
• Victoria Eugenia Santa Cruz Gamarra died at age 91 after becoming the Afro-Peruvian heroine in art . She was composer , choreographer , and designer . As daughter of writer and playwright Nicomedes Santa Cruz Aparicio and Victoria Gamarra , she grew up in a family closely linked to painting and was also a great dancer of the Peruvian dances zamacueca and marinera . She took part in the First Latin American Television Seminar and Festival ( 1970 ), organized by the Catholic University of Chile . She received the award for Best Folklorist , and the following year she was invited to the Festival of Cali , where she made everyone feel that black roots did not belong to one country , but to many . In 1973 she was appointed as director of the National Ensemble of Folklore at the National Institute of Culture ( Spanish acronym INC ).
Final Thoughts Peru is a country of mixed ethnic origins , cultures , languages , and colors . Sometimes it provides a sense of pride ; occasionally it ’ s also seen as a common feature in Latin America , but sometimes it turns out problematic from the general perspective . Afro-descendants in Peru are known as ethnic and / or cultural minority . Anyway , they are among the most vulnerable social groups . And whenever you want to delve into their peculiarities , you will find the unpleasantness of having no proper answer to questions like what is their history , how many they are , how to identify what needs and opportunities they have , what their priorities are , what their strengths and weaknesses are , and especially in what situation the Afro-Peruvian women are . In regard to the latter aspect , we can say that they are involved in a triple exclusion : by gender , class and ethnicity . And there is one fourth factor : the generational exclusion that affects the youngest . While the Afro-Peruvian population is invisible , the situation of Afro-Peruvian women is worse : they are objectified and remain at the lowest level of the social scale . It ’ s not only self-evident their invisibility in the history and contributions to the development of the country . We face also the issue of how their historical references would strengthen the identity of the Afro-Peruvian women . This question is followed by others like what impact can the consequences of slavery still have and why the lack of historical records on Afro-Peruvian women remains irrelevant to the development of national identity . After the slavery was " abolished " 160 years ago , only minor issues were resolved and a few short steps
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