Firstly the defense was successful, but the resistance was overshadowed by the betrayal of a Chinese citizen. Defeated in the battle, Catalina resorted to a ruse suicide: poisoning the invaders with a beverage known as chicha. To avoid the suspicions, she was imperturbable and serene while drinking the chicha, actually mixed with poisonous fruit, and said with haughty voice to the Chilean: " Sirs, that’ s for your glory." She drank it calmly, wiped the peak, and handed the vessel to the enemy soldiers.
• Maria Elena Moyano Delgado was a community and feminist leader assassinated by the terrorist group Shining Path. On February 15, 1992, she was shot to death and then was declared " Mother Courage ". She is the latest Afro-Peruvian woman declared a National Heroine 6 by resolution of the Congress on May 23, 2002. In 1983 she founded the Mothers Club Micaela Bastidas and two years later, the Popular Federation of Women at El Salvador Village. In 1987 she received the Prince of Asturias Award together with Mayor Michael Azcueta. She became Lieutenant Mayor and worked on campaigns for empowering, providing a glass of milk daily, and setting up charity canteens through self-management.
• Victoria Eugenia Santa Cruz Gamarra died at age 91 after becoming the Afro-Peruvian heroine in art. She was composer, choreographer, and designer. As daughter of writer and playwright Nicomedes Santa Cruz Aparicio and Victoria Gamarra, she grew up in a family closely linked to painting and was also a great dancer of the Peruvian dances zamacueca and marinera. She took part in the First Latin American Television Seminar and Festival( 1970), organized by the Catholic University of Chile. She received the award for Best Folklorist, and the following year she was invited to the Festival of Cali, where she made everyone feel that black roots did not belong to one country, but to many. In 1973 she was appointed as director of the National Ensemble of Folklore at the National Institute of Culture( Spanish acronym INC).
Final Thoughts Peru is a country of mixed ethnic origins, cultures, languages, and colors. Sometimes it provides a sense of pride; occasionally it’ s also seen as a common feature in Latin America, but sometimes it turns out problematic from the general perspective. Afro-descendants in Peru are known as ethnic and / or cultural minority. Anyway, they are among the most vulnerable social groups. And whenever you want to delve into their peculiarities, you will find the unpleasantness of having no proper answer to questions like what is their history, how many they are, how to identify what needs and opportunities they have, what their priorities are, what their strengths and weaknesses are, and especially in what situation the Afro-Peruvian women are. In regard to the latter aspect, we can say that they are involved in a triple exclusion: by gender, class and ethnicity. And there is one fourth factor: the generational exclusion that affects the youngest. While the Afro-Peruvian population is invisible, the situation of Afro-Peruvian women is worse: they are objectified and remain at the lowest level of the social scale. It’ s not only self-evident their invisibility in the history and contributions to the development of the country. We face also the issue of how their historical references would strengthen the identity of the Afro-Peruvian women. This question is followed by others like what impact can the consequences of slavery still have and why the lack of historical records on Afro-Peruvian women remains irrelevant to the development of national identity. After the slavery was " abolished " 160 years ago, only minor issues were resolved and a few short steps
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